Male Infertility : A common men’s Issue

Male Infertility: When you and your partner are trying to conceive, you least expect or hope to encounter any kind of difficulties. Yet, as much as 10% of the world’s population experience fertility problems. We believed the common myth that infertility exists only with the women, but the belied fact is that the men also do conceive infertility. But what exactly is infertility? Male infertility is simply defined as the inability to produce healthy sperm. Although a man might be embarrassed to admit that he has a fertility problem, but it is equally important that he undergoes fertility testing. The male alone is the cause in 20-35% of cases of infertility. An evaluation of the male should be one of the very first tests carried out in the investigation of the infertile couple.

Signs and symptoms

Male infertility occurs when the man's partner does not conceive after one year of attempting to become pregnant. Other signs and symptoms depend on the underlying cause of the man's infertility.

Analysis

Some men may have a history of erectile dysfunction or abnormal ejaculation. Alternatively, others may have had previous surgeries or injuries that may have led to problems in semen production. One if the most initial diagnostic study is the semen analysis. The semen analysis is one of the few tests that have withstood the test of time and which continue to be considered an integral and important part of the evaluation of the couple. The analysis is generally performed on a specimen that has been produced by means of masturbation into a sterile container. Ideally the male should abstain from ejaculation for 2-7 days prior to the analysis.

The specimen should be evaluated within one hour after collection. The analysis consists of an evaluation of a number of factors, like: Volume, Concentration, Motility and progression.

Another important test that is performed regularly for males is the post-coital test (PCT), in which the couple is asked to have intercourse during the middle of the woman’s menstrual cycle and 2-12 hours later have the female come into the office for an exam.

Causes and factors

There are many male factors that can prohibit a couple to become pregnant. This includes the following factors:
a) Conditions:
• diabetic neuropathy
• extreme obesity
• Conditions that prejudice the production of sperm
• testicular torsion
b) Diseases:
• Liver and Kidney disease
• Genital infections
• Infections of the reproductive organs
b) Additional factors:
• Certain medicated drugs
• Anabolic steroids
• Diet low in folic acid
• Excessive exercise
• Radiation therapy
• Wearing tight-fitting pants and underwear

Treatments

The treatment of male factor infertility is dependent on the identified problem. Erectile dysfunction, for example, is often treated by counseling rather than by "medical" therapies.

Treatment for a male with infertility may include:

• Avoiding longer time in hot baths and hot tubs
• Eating a healthy diet and exercising in moderation
• Learning about the best times to conceive
• Making lifestyle changes, such as smoking cessation and limiting intake of alcohol
• Taking hormone therapy
• Trying ED drugs like: Cialis, Viagra.
• Treating erectile dysfunction with counseling, medication, or surgery
• Wearing loose-fitting underwear
If these treatments don't work, other means of fertilization may be considered, such as:
• Artificial insemination.
• Vitro fertilization.
• Donor sperm, couples who had less than a few million sperm in a sample had to consider inseminations using donor sperm. Many couples have used inseminations with donor sperm and produced happy, healthy babies. The process is very straightforward. Nonetheless, insemination using donor sperm remains a very viable alternative for many couples.
• Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, this technique involves injecting a single sperm into the egg at the time of in vitro fertilization (a process whereby an egg is removed from the mother, fertilized by sperm in a laboratory, and then returned to the mother).

Side effects of the treatments

Surgery can cause bleeding, infection, and allergic reactions to anesthesia. In vitro fertilization increases the chance of having a multiple pregnancy, such as twins. Antibiotics and other medications may cause stomach upset, diarrhea, or an allergic reaction.

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