What are Amino Acids?

Chemically, amino acids are organic compounds containing amino group and carboxyl group. They contain the basic elements - nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They are monomers, from which proteins are formed. In the process, amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds. Simply, amino acids are defined as essential building blocks that make up proteins. There are 20 types of amino acids, which altogether are crucial for the body. Out of these, 10 are known as essential amino acids (e.g., valine, tryptophan and phenylalanine). They cannot be synthesized in the body. In order to meet the body requirements, these essential amino acids needs to be derived from the foods we consume. Thus, incorporating amino acid rich food items in our diet is crucial for optimal functioning of the metabolic processes.

Components of Amino Acids

Amino acids are represented by the general formula NH²CHRCOOH . They are made up of four basic parts, viz. hydrogen (H), carboxyl group (COOH) , amino group (NH²) and a side chain (represented by R). The former three parts remain same for all the 20 amino acids, present in our body. In short, the amino acids differ only in their side chain. Detailed studies have shown that some of the side chains are hydrophobic (water repelling), while others show hydrophilic (water attracting) properties. This part of amino acids and amino acid sequence are used for studying the chemical properties of proteins.

Uses of Amino Acids in the Body

In the human body, the major role of amino acids is formation proteins, which are also referred to as the body's building blocks. In fact, everything starting from cell growth, development and division requires proteins for the processes. Even the expression of cells is controlled by none other than proteins. For making these polypeptide chains, the key ingredients are amino acids. Also, the arrangement or assembly of branched chain amino acids decide the final structure of proteins. Unlike carbohydrates, excess amino acids are not stored in the body.

Each of these monomers is responsible for normal functioning of the body metabolism. Take the example of tryptophan; this essential amino acid aids in inducing sleep, managing anxiety, reducing risk of arterial spasm and also, in strengthening the immune system. Approximately 80 percent of the amino acids used by body cells and tissues are synthesized by the liver.

Every single bodily process directly or indirectly involves amino acids. As per medical researches, about 75 percent of the human body is made up of different types of amino acids. Failure to consume foods rich in essential amino acids leads to protein degradation and associated medical complications. These conditions are handled with the help of amino acid supplement. These are formulated for treating specifically, those health conditions that are caused due to lack of amino acids in the body and such.