Weak Fingernails (Brittle Nails): Causes of Weak Nails

Weak fingernails or brittle fingernails is a condition in which the nails either peel or break from the free end side. It may also result in slow growth of the nails. Medically, the condition is referred to as onychoschizia. In general, peeling occurs in horizontal layers. On the contrary, longitudinal breakage of nails is a result of nail deformity. As per statistics, about 20 percent of people have weak nails. It is also observed that women are at higher risk to developing weak nails than men.

The color, appearance and texture of fingernails may indicate the overall wellness of an individual. For example, weak nails is a major manifested symptom of anemia. Many a times, brittle nails are caused without any internal problems. In fact, healthy people are also susceptible to brittle nails. Exposure to harsh chemicals, cleaning solutions, soaps and detergents are also a major cause of weak nails.

Common Causes of Weak Nails

The most common cause of weak nails is frequent wetting of the nails. Recurrent washing and cleaning of dishes and clothes result in very soft nails, which are susceptible to breakage and tearing. On the other hand, use of heating systems during winter season reduces the humidity level and indirectly causes dry and brittle nails. On a general note, too little or too much exposure to water can lead to brittle nails.

Brittle nails can also result due to malnutrition or lack of adequate nutrients in the diet plan. Some of the factors that aggravate the condition of brittle nails are deficiency of vitamins, iron, calcium and zinc. At times, weak nails are caused due to trauma and underlying health conditions, such as thyroid problems and skin disorders.

Weak nails are also observed as a symptom of menopause and the natural aging process. In the former case, hormonal fluctuations is the major reason. A woman in menopause stage has lower levels of estrogen, which is a hormone responsible for regulating the water balance. Due to low estrogen, the water regulation is disturbed, resulting in dry, flaky and brittle nails. While speaking about the aging process, the nails appear dull and yellowish due to lack of moisture in the nail bed.

Though brittle nails rarely pose severe long-term adverse effects, the correct diagnosis of weak nails is recommended, if medical conditions such as hypothyroidism and psoriasis are suspected. The dermatologists may conduct laboratory tests to rule out other severe medical conditions. Depending upon the causes, the physician may prescribe appropriate over-the-counter medications and / or nutritional supplements.

Medical researchers opine that brittle nails runs in families. Hence, those individuals who are genetically predisposed to brittle nails have higher chances of developing the condition than others. Some individuals may have weak fingernails, but healthy toenails. In such a case, external environmental factor is a major cause. If all the major causes of weak fingernails are ruled out, you can improve the condition of the nails by following certain nail care tips.

Some effective home remedies for treating brittle nails are, consuming a healthy diet, application of moisturizers, use of gloves while handling strong cleaning solutions and regular manicure of the nails. A combination of lifestyle modifications and natural remedies is effective to maintain healthy fingernails. While using products for nails, like, nail polish or nail polish remover, it is always advisable to opt for good quality products from a reliable brand.