Volleyball Rotations

Introduction of rotation system in volleyball has made the game faster and more interesting. Going by the basics of the rotation system, each player is supposed to play from each of the positions on the court at some or the other point, during the game. Volleyball positions can be grouped into two categories - player positions, such as middle back and left front, and specialist positions, such as setter and blocker.

Volleyball Positions

The 6 players in each volleyball team are divided into two rows of 3 players each. The front row consists of the left front, middle front and right front, while the back row consists of the left back middle back and right back. Other than these positions on court, there are some specialist positions, which are taken by players specializing in a particular aspect of the game. According to volleyball rules and regulations, the players have to start form their respective court positions, however, they can move to their specialist position upon completion of the serve. In volleyball, rotation is basically in the clockwise direction, wherein each player moves to the next spot every time the team wins a serve. Every player, except the libero, is supposed to rotate and play on each court position during the game.

Basic Volleyball Rotations

Basically the team can start the game with players in any position, however, they need to ensure that the positions are maintained as the game progresses. This means that a particular player will remain in the same position corresponding to the other players, on his either side, throughout the game. The players have to execute rotation each time they get the possession of the serve.

The rotation will be executed by each player in the front row moving one spot towards his right, and each player in the back row moving one spot towards his left. For instance, the player at the left front position will move to the middle front position, and the player in the left back position will move to the left front position. The same format will be carried out by other players, each of who will move to the next spot. This will also ensure that the ball will always be served by the player in the right back position. One case of exception in to this rule is the libero, who doesn't have to be an active part of the team rotation. The libero continues being in the back row with the primary responsibility of digging and supplying the ball.


Though it is compulsory for the players to switch to their respective positions before the ball is served, they can move to their specialist positions as soon as the serve is executed. Ideally, volleyball rotations are executed in such a manner that a specialist setter, outside hitter and middle blocker are in the front row of the court, at any point of time in the game. For this the teams may either opt for a 6-2 formation, wherein two specialist setters set the ball, one setter for each row, or 5-1 formation, wherein a single setter sets the ball by moving over to his specialist position on the court after the serve is executed.

Volleyball Rotation Foul: Overlapping

If the player is standing in the wrong position or if players switch position before the ball is served it will be considered as an overlap, which will in turn earn a point for the opposition. The best method to avoid the confusion is to mark the fellow player standing right opposite to your position. In the above diagram, player 1 and player 4 will be always standing opposite to each other. If player 1 is the middle front position, player 4 will be the middle back, and if player 1 will be in the left front position, player 4 will be the right back. Following this method will ensure that the players are not caught overlapping each others position. Other than this, each player keeping a track of the two players on his either side, can also help in following the basic rules related to rotation.

It is important to understand the basics of volleyball in order to master the game. Though the rules about rotation may make it seem a bit complicated initially, practicing the formations will help you in mastering them with immense ease.