Virtual Representation

Virtual representation is a concept by which a group of people who cannot or do not vote are represented in the legislature or parliament by other voters. It means that a group of people is spoken for in the government by a third person who is not elected by that group. This idea involves, choosing the representative for a particular region without considering the opinion of the people from that region. It is like when people are forced to accept a representative who is not elected by them but he would still take the decisions for those people. This concept is and have been widely used by many countries for different political and administration purposes. Historically it was being used to establish control over the vassal countries and populations. Virtual representation allows the ruling power to decide what it deems as appropriate and what is in the best interest of the population, without providing them with legitimate legislative or executive authority. A simple virtual representation definition is as follows - It is a political process that a class of persons is represented in a lawmaking body without direct vote.

Virtual Representation Vs. Actual Representation

Actual representation is a concept exactly opposite to virtual representation. Actual representation demands that every person from the group votes to determine the person who will be representing the group. This elected person would represent the group and speak on their behalf and participate in the decision-making process. This process is like electing a President where each citizen votes for the leader who they think is capable of representing them. This kind of political system prevents the leadership abuse where ruling body decides what is good for the subjugated population without even knowing their problems and issues. As someone rightly described, virtual representation is like when a group of shoemakers is represented by a show maker. On the other hand actual representation is one of the ideal ways to select the representative.

History Of Virtual Representation

The concept of virtual representation originated in 1775 somewhere around the initial stage of American Revolution. Then, thirteen colonies expressed their grievance against British Colonists for denying the direct representation in the British parliament to these colonies. Whereas British government argued and defended their decisions and taxes by saying that the colonists were virtually represented in the parliament. According to British constitution, taxes could be levied on British subjects with their consent. But the thirteen colonies argued that the representative is not elected by them and hence they would not be binding for any taxes. Therefore, by denying the actual representation, British parliament was acting illegal, unconstitutional and was depriving the thirteen colonies of their right as Englishmen. This event played a major role in triggering the American Revolution and remained one of the most influential and major causes of the Revolution.

Well, Britain was not the only country who used this concept to leverage and maintain the control and power structure. There are many other major empires and powers who used virtual representation to create laws and regulations to control the population which probably did not want to accept their rule. A female population of many countries can be a classic example of virtual representation, where women are not allowed to suffrage or participate in the decision-making process and instead, power holders decide what is good for women and dominate the political and social lives of women. Now you know what was virtual representation and you might have also realized the importance of voting then!