Umbilical Hernia in Adults

Umbilical hernia is of the abdominal wall hernias, although they are mostly congenital, they can also develop in adulthood. It is basically a protrusion of intra-abdominal contents due to a weakness in the muscles in or around the navel (belly button) hence, it is also known as belly button hernia. In most cases, umbilical hernias cease to exist on their own by the time an infant turns one year of age, however, those that appear during adulthood need to be treated as they can prove to quite damaging; cosmetically as well as medically. Umbilical hernia occurs due to a large number of causes in adults.

Causes
One of the primary causes is the weakness in the abdominal wall which can develop at birth or later in life. After birth, an infant's umbilical cord that passes through a small opening in the baby's abdominal muscles is sealed. However, when the closing does not occur as intended, a weakness develops in the particular abdominal muscles. When excess pressure is applied on the abdomen, it causes umbilical hernia. Obesity or being overweight is a very common reason for a protruded umbilical hernia. Multiple pregnancies or a long labor causes women to develop hernia of the abdomen. Medical conditions like a tumor or excess fluid in the stomach, and lifting heavy objects can also weaken the stomach muscles, resulting in a protrusion.

Symptoms
The most exhibited sign of an umbilical hernia is a bulge or swelling (protrusion) in and around the muscles of the navel. The hernia may contain fluid, or part or tissue of an organ. The bulge could be very small or a large one. Inflammation around the swelling, or even a bluish tinge to it (sign of strangulated hernia) can occur. Pain is another common symptom, especially while one is bending, coughing or straining during bowel movement.

Treatment
Umbilical hernia can be easily diagnosed during a physical examination, however, your physician may recommend X-rays and/or an ultrasound to determine the course of your treatment and also to rule out other complications. Surgery is the only treatment recommended for this condition. The surgeon will administer a local anesthesia, and then make an incision under the belly button. Depending upon the size and the attachment of the surrounding tissues, the surgeon may either push the protrusion back inside the abdomen or remove (surgically cut) it. Stitches are used to repair the cut. A piece of mesh over the weak spot may also be added to give extra strength to the weak muscles. Medication to manage pain and inflammation may also be prescribed.

Post-treatment care is very important to heal umbilical hernia. Weight management if one is obese, avoid straining or stretching as it could reopen the wound and increase swelling is recommended. Do not lift heavy objects for the first couple of weeks after surgery. Females who have this complication must have it corrected before pregnancy, as being pregnant will increase abdominal pressure.