Types of Skin Diseases

Did you know that the skin is the largest organ of the human body? The skin consists of the epidermis, dermis and the subcutaneous tissues. Our skin performs several essential functions. It regulates the body temperature and helps us by providing us with sensory information regarding the surroundings. Just like any other organ, our skin is also vulnerable. In fact, it is even more vulnerable as it is highly exposed to the environment. There are various types of skin diseases that could be caused due to a wide range of reasons. Though rare skin disorders might not be known to most people, acne, rashes, skin allergies, eczema and rosacea are some of the common skin ailments that affect people of all age groups.

Common Skin Conditions

Acne
Acne is perhaps the most common skin problem. It is mainly caused due to hormonal activity during puberty. Increased production of sebum in the sebaceous glands is an important cause of acne. The sebum clogs the pores of the skin and combines with dead skin cells to create clusters which increase in size. The consequent increase in bacterial activity results in acne. Consumption of certain food items might also aggravate acne. You must pay attention to the aspect of skin care in order to get rid of acne. Skin exfoliation too can help as can chemical peels but under proper medical care.

Eczema
Eczema is a term given to a variety of skin disease conditions. It is concerned mainly with the upper layer of the skin. A person suffering from eczema exhibits symptoms such as formation of red bumps or skin rashes, itching, scaling, crusting, flaking, weeping and inflammation of the skin. Different types of eczema are atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, irritant dermatitis, seborrheic eczema, nummular eczema and dyshidrotic eczema. Eczema could be caused due to many reasons. Those with a family history of eczema are vulnerable. Other factors include contact with allergens or irritants. Dust mites, stress and excessive sweating could also trigger eczema. Antibiotics and lotions which help prevent skin dryness may be prescribed by a dermatologist to alleviate symptoms of eczema.

Herpes Zoster
Herpes zoster, also known as shingles, is a localized viral infection which hits one side of the body. It causes painful blisters. It is caused by the Varicella zoster virus which causes chickenpox. It stays dormant in the body. It could be reactivated by factors like stress and an impaired immune system. Use of immune suppressants drugs has also been linked with an outbreak. Once the virus hits the skin, rashes usually appear after 2-3 days. Specific symptoms include burning, tingling and throbbing sensations. The torso, face and areas near the eye are points where the rash occurs. The rashes usually heal within 10-15 days on their own. But to reduce the pain and itching, doctors may recommend anti viral medication within 24 hours of the start of symptoms.

Herpes Simplex
Usually impacts the face, mouth, buttocks, genital and anal areas. The Herpes Simplex Type 1 and Herpes Simplex Type 2 are the two virus strains that cause this skin condition. Herpes Simplex I causes herpes inside mouth. It leads to the eruption of cold sores or fluid-filled blisters along with symptoms such as itching, fever, weakness and fatigue. Herpes Simplex 2 is responsible for causing genital herpes. Fluid-filled blisters around the genitals appear within 2-20 days of contracting the infection. They usually subside within 2-10 days without treatment. Medication is advised to reduce the pain and prevent any escalation in the sores and prevent secondary infections. The patient must keep the sores clean as far as possible and ensure that his/her clothing are washed separately.

Vitiligo
Vitiligo disease causes the formation of white patches on the skin. This is caused due to decrease in the number of cells that produce the skin pigment called melanin. Apart from the cosmetic impact, it is a harmless condition. Those suffering from pernicious anemia, Addison's disease, diabetes are more prone to getting this disease. If it runs in the family, then you might be at an increased risk of developing this condition. It usually appears as a white patch which grows larger in size and spreads across the body. If the treatment is started early, the prognosis is good. Treatments vary from topical applications to internal medicines and even radiation therapy.

Pityriasis Rosea
This skin disorder usually affects the young. Usually it strikes in the form of a large rash with accompanying irritation. Respiratory infections could also be an indication of the onset of pityriasis rosea. The chest, abdomen and back are the areas of the body most likely to be impacted. The rashes usually start from the middle of the body and take a pine tree branch like shape. The cause for pityriasis rosea is unknown but it is a viral infection which is non-contagious. To confirm pityriasis rosea, a doctor may go in for a skin biopsy or a blood test. Usually anti-viral medications are prescribed along with ointments and creams to alleviate the discomfort.

Psoriasis
Psoriasis is mainly linked to issues in the immunity system. Conditions which could cause or aggravate the ailment are thrush, throat ailments, stress and HIV. It is basically an inflammation of the skin cells for a prolonged period. Outward manifestations involve thick, itchy and colorless scales which are quite painful. In the initial stages creams are used for treatment but in cases of aggravation, types of corticosteroids may also be prescribed. Avoidance of triggers, staying clean and keeping the skin moisturized is helpful.

Seborrheic Keratoses
This ailment usually occurs in older adults. It is a pale brownish or blackish scaly growth which is raised over the skin. It is akin to skin cancer but is not malignant. It could cause itching. Over exposure to the sun, heredity and high amount of estrogen in the body are also linked to seborrheic keratoses. Women may develop this condition during pregnancy. Though this condition is harmless, it is advisable to see a doctor.

These were some of the types of skin conditions along with their symptoms and possible cures. If you often suffer from skin problems, it would be best to follow a skin care regimen. Do consult a qualified medical practitioner for an accurate diagnosis and treatment of skin problems.