Theory of Five Elements

Ancient Chinese philosophers' Taoists, helped form the basis of traditional Chinese medicine. Their religious and philosophical beliefs lay in the worship of nature. The word ‘Tao’ 道 means path, method, principle or way. They believed in the natural order of things, and in the continuous process of transformation of all things, at all times. They sought to understand the natural laws of energy that co-existed between the universe, earth and mankind. The flow of energy, is believed to influence the universal order of the ever-moving and ever-changing environment.

The traditional Chinese medicine is based on the belief, that the five natural element, viz. wood, fire, earth, metal and water, create energy, which is never constant or static, and affect our physical and mental health, and well-being. The Chinese have used this theory of five elements for over 2,000 years as a method of diagnosis and treatment.

Five Element Relationships, Interactions and Interdependence Cycle
There are four main cycles, within the five elements that form relations and interact with each other. Wood, fire, earth, metal and water and their associated sounds, colors, emotions, etc. are all interdependent on each other to create energy in the universe.

First Cycle: The first cycle is the mother-child cycle (sheng). Here, each element serves as a mother, and promotes the growth and development of the interdependent child element. For example, if the Earth element is weakened, then the metal element will also be weakened. And the wood element provides generative force to the fire element. Similarly, Fire element provides a foundation for the Earth element, which in turn nurtures the Metal element. From a medical outlook, if one develops digestive problems (Earth) from irregular eating, it would cause bloating and damage the functioning and development of Lung (Metal), leading to symptoms such as sinusitis or asthma.

Second Cycle: The second main cycle is a grandparent-grandchild (ke), and is the cycle that provides control by checking and balancing properties of all five elements. For example, earth controls water, which in turn controls fire. In the human body, the emotion of anxiety's (Fire) relation to liver (Wood) related symptoms to hypochondriac pain, diarrhea, irregular menstruation and vomiting, which leads to kidney (Water) related problems.

Third Cycle: The overacting cycle is a grandmother-grandchild (cheng) imbalance, where the element that serves as a grandmother overacts or exerts too much control, over its subordinate grandchild element, weakening it and causing imbalances in the body. Medically, it would be the liver (Wood) overreacting and exerting pressure on the spleen (Earth) leading to disruptions in the digestive system. A nature example; water used to put out fire and the earth soaks up water.

Fourth Cycle: This is the insulting (wu) cycle, also an imbalance within the controlling cycle, where the grandchild returns the force or control exerted by controlling the grandmother causing an imbalance in the body. Here, instead of water containing the fire, it is consumed or burnt out by the fire.

Five Elements Chart
Element	Direction	Season	Organs	Sense Organs	Emotions	Colors	Flavor
Water	North	Winter	Kidney	Ears	Fear	Black	Salty
Wood	East	Spring	Liver	Eyes	Anger	Green	Sour
Fire	South	Summer	Heart & Sexual glands	Tongue	Happiness	Red	Bitter
Earth	Center	Late Summer	Spleen	Mouth	Worry	Yellow	Sweet
Metal	West	Autumn	Lungs	Nose	Happiness	White	Spicy

Using the relationship between the five elements, imbalances are checked and treated. Acupuncture treatment has its basis in theory of five elements. The elements interact in a cycle, either promoting or opposing each other. The five elements constantly move and change interdependently and mutually restrain, creating complex relations between objects, emotions and the human body.