Spinal Cord Function

The spinal cord is a major component of the central nervous system, which plays a vital role in the movement of various parts of the body and controls several body functions. Various spinal cord functions facilitate the transmission of sensory and motor nerve impulses, to and from the brain. To put it in simpler words, the brain and the spinal cord together form the central nervous system, which coordinates the functions of various organs of our body. Before we try to understand what is the main function of the spinal cord, let's have a brief look at the anatomy of the spinal cord.

Spinal Cord Anatomy

Basically, spinal cord is a long and narrow structure made up of nervous tissues and support cells. Passing through the vertebral canal, it extends from the base of our brain to the upper lumbar region. It consists of a millions of nerve fibers which facilitate the transmission of electrical information between the brain and the various parts of the body. The size of the spinal cord is as big as the diameter of the human finger. It is protected by the bony vertebral column, also known as the spinal column. A layer of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) protects it from getting damaged by coming in contact with the inner side of the vertebral column. The network of nerve which connects the spinal cord to the various parts of the body is known as the peripheral nervous system.

Functions of Spinal Cord

Spinal cord is one of the most important part of our body. Primarily, spinal cord functions include transmission of information and initiation of reflexes. In simple words, the spinal cord helps in connecting the various organs of human body to the brain. On one hand, it accepts the electrical information through sensory neurons, and sends it to the brain. While on the other hand, it sends the signals from the motor area of the brain back to the various parts of the body. Yet another function of spinal cord is to coordinate various reflexes in our body. Reflexes are basically the built in responses of our body to the danger stimuli. Although the speed at which the information travels from the body to the brain and back to the body is very fast, sometimes we need the information to travel at a greater speed. This is where the reflex action triggered by the spinal cord comes into the picture. the situation is generally referred to as fight or flight response. As a defense mechanism, the body reacts faster than the normal time it usually takes. The best example of this reflex action would be the way you take your hand back, within split seconds, as soon as you touch some hot object.

Spinal Cord Injuries

Above mentioned spinal cord functions must have made you realize how important this part of our body is. Spinal cord guides some of the most important human body systems. Owing to this, any damage caused to the spinal cord can lead to certain complications in the body. Most of the injuries can be attributed to the damage induced on the spinal cord by the vertebral column which acts as a protective gear for the cord. Spinal cord injuries may range from a spinal shock lasting for about 24 to 48 hours, to further complications such as permanent paralysis.

Almost all important human body functions, including the respiratory control and sexual health, depends directly or indirectly on the spinal cord. Being one of the most important part of our nervous system, the spinal cord has to be properly guarded from any kind of damage. Taking some simple precautions, such as wearing safety gears or avoiding falls, can help you in ensuring that such injuries are kept at bay and spinal cord functions continue in a proper manner.