Selenium Deficiency Symptoms

Selenium is a micronutrient, which is needed by the human body in very small amounts. Studies show that humans need 50 micrograms of selenium per day. This mineral is present in almost all organs of the human body in very small amounts. As compared to other organs, kidneys, liver, spleen, pancreas and testes have this mineral in higher concentrations.

While selenium can be derived from plant and animal matter, the amount of this trace mineral in the food is determined by the selenium levels of the soil in which the plants are grown. In case of animals, this is determined by the amount of this mineral in their body. So, if the soil in an area has meager amounts of selenium, then those living in that area may face a deficiency of this trace mineral, and develop selenium deficiency symptoms. Even some of the processing, refining and cooking methods may also cause loss of this micronutrient in the food.

Selenium and its Health Benefits

A non metal related to sulfur and oxygen, selenium is a chemical element with an atomic number of 34. The chemical symbol of this mineral is 'Se' and it was discovered during 1817. It has various industrial uses, especially in the production of glass. It plays an important role of a catalyst in various chemical reactions. It is also used in the production of solar cells, ceramic and brass. It is also an ingredient in various dietary supplements and is used for treating some diseases.

One of the most important functions of selenium in the human body is to protect the body from the damage that can be caused by free radicals. It has an important role in some chemical reactions that take place inside the body, to produce antioxidants that fight with the free radicals. Studies show that selenium taken with vitamin E can reduce the risk of certain cancers. It is also said to lower the risk of coronary diseases. This mineral is said to be beneficial in preventing toxicity caused by metals like copper, mercury and arsenic. It is also claimed to be good in maintaining normal blood pressure levels. It is said to be important in the proper functioning of the thyroid gland. Even though, deficiency of this micronutrient is very rare, there are some individuals, who show selenium deficiency symptoms.

Signs and Symptoms of Selenium Deficiency

As mentioned above, deficiency of selenium is very uncommon, as this trace mineral is required by the human body, in very small amounts. However, some people lack even this small amount of selenium. Such deficiency may be caused by some factors like severely compromised intestinal function, total intravenous feeding or gastrointestinal bypass surgery. Old age may also contribute to the deficiency of this mineral.

Even though, selenium deficiency is a controversial topic, with very little research done on the subject, there are some conditions that are said to be caused by prolonged deficiency of this trace mineral.

• Keshan disease is caused by deficiency of this mineral and this condition affects the heart. This condition weakens the heart and is mainly seen in kids. Keshan disease causes loss of heart tissues and arrhythmias.
• Selenium deficiency symptoms include joint problems too. Kashin-Beck's disease, which causes deterioration of the joint tissues, is caused by this condition.
• Another medical condition that is linked to deficiency of selenium is hypothyroidism. This is due to the active participation of selenium in conversion of thyroid hormone called thyroxine.
• Other symptoms include extreme fatigue, mental slowing, muscle weakness and pain, hair or skin discoloration and miscarriage.

Even high levels of this trace mineral in the body can be harmful, as it can lead to side effects of selenium, most prominent being toxicity. Selenium toxicity symptoms include nausea, vomiting, loss of hair, loss of fingernails and lesions on the skin. Even though, selenium deficiency symptoms are very rare in healthy individuals, it is said that moderate consumption of foods with this mineral (not supplements) is good for preventing some types of cancer and coronary diseases. However, intake of selenium supplements without the consent of your doctor is not advisable.