Photodermatitis

Photodermatitis, also known as sun poisoning is the condition, where people develop an abnormal skin reaction to sunlight, especially ultraviolet radiation of the sunlight. The condition can be characterized by sudden or gradual occurrence. It is usually considered that, this condition develops due to immune reactions, and can be affected by several factors, that makes the skin hypersensitive to sunlight.

Photodermatitis Causes

Photosensitivity is associated with several factors, though what exactly causes this abnormal skin reaction is not known. Sometimes, certain drugs like, antibiotics, coal tar derivatives, retinoids, antidepressants, antianxiety medications, sulfonylureas, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, quinine and other anti-malarial drugs and chemotherapy agents can make the skin more sensitive to sunlight. This can increase the risk of developing allergic skin reactions to sunlight.

It can also develop allergic reactions to fragrance and certain chemicals. In addition to these, this condition can be associated with autoimmune disorders like, lupus. Other risk factors are, diseases like, eczema, pellagra, porphyria and polymorphic light eruption. It has been observed that this condition is more prevalent among the fair and light skinned individuals, and those with red or blond hair, and blue and green eyes.

Photodermatitis Symptoms

It can present several symptoms, which can vary from person to person. Still, the most commonly observed symptoms of this condition are

• Skin rash and itching
• Fluid filled blisters or skin lesions
• Hives
• Redness and swelling of the areas exposed to sunlight
• Hyperpigmentation or development of dark patches on the skin
• Dry and scaly skin patches

The skin of the affected areas can get scarred in the long run, if the condition persists for a prolonged time period. Sometimes, severe reaction to sunlight can also cause flu like symptoms such as fever, nausea, vomiting and fatigue along with the above mentioned symptoms.

Photodermatitis Treatment

It will depend on the severity of the condition. Generally, application of ice pack or cold compress can help to control the irritation and rash, caused by sun exposure. However, hypersensitivity to sunlight can require a proper treatment plan with appropriate drugs or medications. The medications that are usually prescribed for this condition work by suppressing the immune system in order to prevent the immune reaction to sunlight.

Sometimes, glucocorticoids are used to control the symptoms. Anti-inflammatory drugs like, hydroxychloroquine is also used for treating this condition. Previously, thalidomide, a sedative was used for its treatment. But, with the discovery that it can cause birth defects in the unborn child, this medication is no longer used in female patients. Phototherapy is another treatment option for this condition. This therapy is based on controlled exposure to light in order to desensitize the skin and thus, control the symptoms of the condition. However, this treatment option may not be suitable for all individuals.

Along with medications, nutritional supplements can also help to treat it. It has been found that nutrients like, vitamin B3 or niacin, vitamin C, D and E, beta carotene (the precursor of vitamin A), omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants and protein can prove quite beneficial in the long term management of photodermatitis. One can get these vital nutrients either from supplements, or include more foods rich in these vitamins and nutrients in the diet, to reduce its frequency and severity.

Apart from these, one can take some precautionary and preventive measures like, using a sunscreen while going outside, and wearing hat and garments that covers the entire body. These simple steps would provide effective protection against sunlight and thereby, prevent its occurrence. At the same time, people with this condition should avoid excessive exposure to sunlight, especially from 11 am or 12 noon to 4 pm in the afternoon. Also, be sure to use skin care product on the affected area, only after consulting your physician.