Paris, France - The Notre-Dame Cathedral

One of the greatest buildings ever built, Notre-Dame stands proudly on the Ile de la Cite. The seat of the Archbishop of Paris, it is the spiritual heart of the city, and indeed, of the country. The cathedral is an outstanding example of 12th- to 14th-century master craftsmanship and an architectural marvel. It is characterized by flying buttresses, gargoyles, a spire that stands some 90m (295 feet) tall, towers that offer the visitor a panoramic view of the city, and its grand west wing.

Work started on the building in 1163 based on Bishop Maurice de Sully's dazzling design, with Pope Alexander III laying the first stone. However, the construction was not completed until around 1345. Architectural styles changed significantly over the span of years during which it was being built and the result was a cathedral with both Gothic and Romanesque influences. The choir was completed in 1182, the nave in 1208, and the bell, called Emmanuel, was cast in 1631.

The west wing facade and the main entrance to the cathedral is probably its most photographed feature. Comprising three exquisitely carved portals with biblical scenes representing the life of Saint Anne, the story of the Last Judgement and the Virgin, and a row of statues above known as the Kings' Gallery, the wing features a beautifully preserved stained-glass rose window for which Notre-Dame is world renowned. The window dates back to the early Gothic period, although two other windows on the north and south are older and date from 1250-60.

The cathedral's interior is essentially Romanesque in style, with influences of naturalism that give it a livelier appearance. It houses softly lit chapels, numerous statues - including the celebrated statue of the Virgin and Child - and tombs, carved out of a softly colored stone.

Look out for the sacristy. It is here that many of the city's ancient manuscripts are kept. In the archaeological crypt, the most important in Europe, the remains of Gallo-Roman to 18th century foundations can be seen. A display shows Parisian life on the Ile de la Cite from the 3rd to the 19th century.

Notre-Dame was almost destroyed during the French Revolution, and underwent a major renovation in the 19th century under the direction of medievalist architect, Viollet-le-Duc.

Notre Dame Cathedral - Gothic Cathedral Full of History
This page will give you lots of detailed information about the Notre-Dame Cathedral, one of Paris' most popular attractions.