IUD Side Effects

An IUD or intrauterine device is one form of birth control. This small, T-shaped device is inserted into the uterus to prevent conception. It has a string attached to it which is used to confirm that the IUD is in place. The placing of the IUD has to be done by a medical practitioner, during an office visit. This form of birth control presents a permanent solution as the IUD is in use until the time a doctor removes it.

How Does an IUD Work
The two types of IUD's available in the US, copper Paragard and the hormonal Mirena impede sperm movement and thus stop them from joining with an egg. They also cause the lining of the uterus to alter its structure. While the precise preventive mechanism of the intrauterine device is not understood, it is a commonly held belief that these changes in the lining of the uterus prevent the fertilized egg from embedding itself in the lining of the uterus. The Mirena IUD releases the hormone progestin, which also helps to prevent pregnancy, by inhibiting the ovaries from releasing eggs. Additionally, it also thickens the cervical mucus which hinders sperm movement.

Side Effects of IUD
The possible IUD side effects are as follows.

• Most women find that an IUD changes their period. The copper IUD side effects are a much heavier period, i.e. about a 50 to 75% increase in menstrual flow. It is also common to experience spotting between periods and increased menstrual cramps or backaches.
• Though unlikely, a woman is susceptible to an infection when getting an IUD. This may happen if the uterus is exposed to bacteria at the time of insertion of the IUD. In these cases, the infection will develop within 3 weeks after the IUD is inserted. If the infection goes untreated, it may affect the woman's ability to conceive in the future. Though obvious, it needs to be reiterated that a sterile environment be maintained at the time of insertion and infection-prevention techniques be employed.
• Another rare possibility is of the IUD pushing through the wall of the uterus. While this may not be painful, if it is not detected and removed, it may travel and cause damage to other parts of the body.
• There is a small chance of the IUD slipping out of the uterus. If it comes out entirely without the woman realizing it, then she may get pregnant. However, if it gets displaced and slips out half way, it must be removed. The chances of an IUD slipping out are greater in women who are younger and have not had a baby.
• If a woman gets pregnant while using an IUD, she is at an increased risk of having an ectopic pregnancy. Indications of an ectopic pregnancy are irregular vaginal bleeding, pain in the abdomen / tip of the shoulder and sudden weakness / fainting. Ectopic pregnancies can turn into life threatening situations and need to be addressed at the earliest. Read more on early ectopic pregnancy symptoms.
• If a woman uses an IUD while she is pregnant, her chances of developing a dangerous pelvic infection, having a miscarriage or early labor and delivery are increased.

Apart from these side effects, the insertion of the IUD can itself be an uncomfortable experience for some women as it requires dilation of the cervix. Before making your decision of using an IUD, you need to measure the risks against the benefits. If you decide to use one, make sure you properly understand the IUD side effects and be alert to any symptoms you may have after you begin to use it.