Intestinal Infection Due to Clostridium Difficile

There are a number of parasites that can cause intestinal infections in humans. In fact, most of these parasites are already present in our intestines. We are all aware of the fact that the human digestive system contains several bacteria. Some of these aid in the normal functioning of our system and promote health, whereas others are harmful for the body and cause infections. Clostridium difficile, is one such intestinal parasite, naturally residing in the body. This anaerobic bacterium is present in the bowels of most infants as well as adults. It generally causes no harm to the body as its action is controlled by the beneficial bacteria present in the gut. However, certain antibiotics destroy the beneficial bacteria, resulting in disturbance of the balance of bacteria in the intestine. Now, this gives a chance to the Clostridium difficile to enter and multiply in the gut. These bacteria produce certain toxins that can cause inflammation of the lining of the intestines.

Clostridium Difficile Infection

The colon or the large intestine is a large tube like structure that connects the small intestine with the anus. It is responsible for the final stages of the digestive process such as absorbing water from the digested food and storing undigested matter till it is eliminated out of the body. There are several helpful and harmful types of bacteria present in the colon. Now, when there is a change in the balance of the bacteria due to some reason, Clostridium difficile is able to enter the colon. Once it enters the large intestine, it rapidly multiplies there and releases toxic chemicals that harm the intestine.

Clostridium difficile is present in two forms - an active form that can cause intestinal infections and a noninfectious, spore form. The active form is unable to survive in the environment for a long period of time, however, the spore form can survive for prolonged periods. These spores are generally found in hospitals, nursing homes and long-term health care centers. These spores are dormant outside the body, but, once they are ingested by a person, they transform into the active, infectious form. Intestinal infection due to Clostridium difficile is the most common cause of hospital acquired diarrhea. However, not everybody infected with this bacterium develops colitis or inflammation of the colon. Many children and adults may just act as carriers of the bacteria. Newborn babies, elderly, people taking certain antibiotics and those with a weak immune system have an increased risk of being infected with this bacteria strain.

Colon Infection Symptoms

The symptoms may vary depending on the severity of the bacterial infection in stomach. It generally begins with nausea, vomiting, low-grade fever and loose and watery stools or a mild diarrhea. The person may also experience mild abdominal cramps and tenderness. In extreme cases, a high fever followed by severe diarrhea and stomach pain may be experienced.

Clostridium Difficile Intestinal Infection Treatment

A clostridium infection may be diagnosed by blood tests or other laboratory tests. The most reliable way to diagnose the condition is by a test that detects the toxins produced by the bacteria, in the feces of the person. The treatment for infection due to this pathogen aims primarily at replacing the lost fluids and preventing dehydration. This can be achieved by simple anti-diarrheal medicines. However, in most cases, antibiotics may be needed to eradicate the bacteria. Other supportive therapies to replace the lost body fluids include oral rehydration therapy and intravenous therapy. Probiotics that contain the beneficial bacteria can also help in restoring the balance of bacteria in the person's colon.

It is advisable to take the necessary precautions to prevent any kind of bacterial diseases. Maintaining a good personal hygiene is the best way to keep all the infections away. However, if you observe any of the Clostridium difficile intestinal infection symptoms, consult a health care provider as soon as possible.