Iliotibial Band Syndrome

Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is a common inflammatory condition of the iliotibial band, a thick sheet of fibrous tissue. The iliotibial band extends from the thigh to the portion just below the knee joint. This iliotibial band functions in coordination with the thigh muscles, providing stability and flexibility to the knee joint. Iliotibial band syndrome is also referred to as iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBFS). It is more common in the age group of 15 to 50 years.

ITBS is associated with sports activities such as playing tennis, running, cycling and weight-lifting. It is estimated that about 4 to 8 percent cases of ITBS are long-distance runners.

Iliotibial Band Syndrome: Causes and Symptoms

The factors responsible for causing iliotibial band syndrome include muscular imbalances, anatomical abnormalities and biochemical reactions in the body. Those people who have a difference in the length of the leg, problem in running style or foot structure (e.g. flat feet) are at high risk of ITBS.

Excess activity of the iliotibial band results in inflammation and irritation, causing iliotibial band syndrome. This condition may also occur due to lack of flexibility and strength in the iliotibial band.

Symptoms of iliotibial band syndrome are pain, tenderness and inflammation in the thigh and outer side of the knee. Pain worsens with continuous movement of the affected areas. Usually, symptoms of ITBS vary, depending upon the site of inflammation and its severity. For example, if a patient has inflammation in the distal part of the iliotibial band, then he/she will experience lateral knee pain. Similarly, if inflammation is on the proximal portion, then the patient suffers from hip pain.

Iliotibial Band Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of iliotibial band syndrome is based on the physical examination and medical history of the patient. For confirmation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be done. The MRI result of a patient suffering from ITBS shows a thickened iliotibial band in the lateral epicondyle and fluid collection underneath the iliotibial band.

Since iliotibial band syndrome is commonly occurring among athletes and recreationists; a sports medicine specialist would be better suited to provide treatment. Initial treatment is done by icing the affected part, limiting physical activity, physical therapy, massage therapy, stretching, and modification in training or exercise. In case, there is no improvement after following these procedures, the doctor may administer anti-inflammatory medications such as corticosteroid injection to alleviate pain and inflammation. In case of severe ITBS, tendon-lengthening surgery is recommended, which involves removal of the affected iliotibial band.

It is observed that recovery time of ITBS differs based on the age, medical history and overall health of the patient. A person affected with a mild case of ITBS may recover in a few weeks time. If it is a severe case of ITBS, he/she may take more than six months for recovery.

In order to reduce the risk of iliotibial band syndrome, it is always advisable to follow certain precautions such as wearing comfortable footwear, doing proper warm up exercise and running on even surface. One should consult and seek advice from a qualified podiatrist before actually planning for a running program or becoming an athlete.