Hypothyroidism in Children

Hypothyroidism is a condition that occurs due to under activity of the thyroid gland. You must know that the thyroid gland is a butterfly shaped gland present in the throat, just below the Adam's apple. This gland produces thyroid hormones (thyroxine T4) and (tri-iodothyronine T3) which are responsible for regulation of metabolism, growth and development. The decreased production of these hormones due to the under activity of the gland results in the condition known as hypothyroidism. Although this condition is commonly found in adults, children are also found to suffer from it. Hypothyroidism in children can be of two types - congenital hypothyroidism (present during birth) and acquired hypothyroidism (develops later). Let us see more on the causes, symptoms and treatment methods of this condition in detail.

Causes of Hypothyroidism in Infants and Children

Congenital hypothyroidism is caused due to genetic abnormalities or abnormalities caused to the thyroid gland before birth. Secondly, iodine deficiency in the mother can also result in hypothyroidism in babies. On the other hand, acquired hypothyroidism, in most of the cases, is caused due to autoimmune disorders. It is usually followed by viral infections. Secondly, use of radiation therapy, use of certain medications, having a diet lacking in iodine, etc., are some of the other causes of hypothyroidism in infants and children. It has also been found that those having a family history of the condition are at a greater risk of suffering from it.

Symptoms of Hypothyroidism

A feeling of tiredness and fatigue are general and most common symptoms of hypothyroidism. However, as these symptoms are not observed easily (or rather are ignored in most of the cases), this condition is not diagnosed at an earlier stage. The following are the other signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism in kids:

• Goiter
• Weight Gain
• Muscle weakness
• Depression
• Sluggishness
• Dry skin
• Dry and brittle hair
• Constipation
• Poor mental performance
• Slow development
• Delay in puberty
• Speech problems
• Slow heartbeat
• Difficulty in breathing

Children suffering from congenital hypothyroidism may suffer from slow growth and development. Their hands, legs, tongue appears longer than normal. The sexual development is also very slow which leads to delayed puberty. Secondly, the child may also have problems and difficulty in learning, understanding, speech and behavior.

Treating Hypothyroidism

The diagnosis of hypothyroidism is undertaken using different techniques. The doctor will take the history of the child and ask about the medications taken, diet followed by the child; and also whether the child has suffered from any previous diseases and disorders. The doctor will ask the child to undergo X-rays, blood tests, thyroid scan and ultrasound for precise diagnosis of thyroid problems in children. If acquired hypothyroidism is caused due to any disease and disorder, the aim of the treatment is to first treat the causing disorder completely. There is no permanent cure for hypothyroidism; however, there are several medications that help in reversing the condition. Children suffering from this thyroid disorder are given hormone medications to increase the production of the thyroid hormones. Once the thyroid hormone levels are back to normal, the symptoms disappear and children may lead a normal life. Growth and development is again seen normally in children who have undergone the prescription thyroid replacement hormone treatment. However, it is necessary to monitor the effects of the dosage of the medications regularly through blood tests.

Hypothyroidism is not a life-threatening condition; and can be brought under control using proper medications and treatment. However, one should note that if the condition remains untreated, there is a risk of mental retardation in children due to lack of mental growth. Therefore, in case any of the symptoms are observed, one should consult the doctor immediately. Take care!