How does an Air Compressor Work

Air compressor is a versatile device used for supplying the compressed air and/or power into a specific space. It is used for any purpose that requires air in the reduced volume or increased pressure. Air compressor is a vital mechanical device for the homeowners (refrigerators and air conditioners), jet engines, commercial businesses, refining industries, manufacturing industries and automotive industries. In fact, air compressor has been used in the industries for more than 100 years.

Air Compressor: Types

Air compressors are available in various types, which are designed to meet different requirements. Each of the type of air compressor may differ in cooling method, compression stages, lubrication and power source. Following are the three major types of air compressors:

Reciprocating (Piston) Air Compressor
Reciprocating air compressor makes use of piston to compress air and store it in a storage tank. Based on the number of compression stages, reciprocating type can be a single-stage or double-stage compressor. In single-stage, only one piston is used to compress air, whereas in double-stage compressor, there are two pistons for air compression.

Rotary Air Compressor
Rotary air compressor is similar to the positive displacement configuration of a reciprocating compressor. In rotary type, two spinning helical mated screws are used rather than piston(s). As the screws spin towards each other, air is compressed and pushed inside a storage tank.

Centrifugal Air Compressor
Centrifugal air compressor or dynamic compressor is applicable when the demand for compress air is high. In this air compressor, a high speed rotating impeller increases velocity of air, which is directed towards a diffuser that converts the velocity of air into pressure. Centrifugal air compressor requires more energy to operate than the other two air compressors.

Air Compressor: Working

Air compressor consists of two major components - compressing mechanism and a power source. The compressing mechanism can be a piston, rotating impeller or vane, whereas the power is supplied by an electric motor or other energy sources. The compressing mechanism, as the name suggests, helps in compressing atmospheric air by using energy from the power source.

The basic working principle of an air compressor is to compress atmospheric air, which is then used as per requirements. In the process, atmospheric air is drawn in through an intake valve; more and more air is pulled inside a limited space mechanically by means of piston, impeller or vane. Since the amount of pulled atmospheric air is increased in the receiver or storage tank, pressure is raised automatically.

In simpler terms, free or atmospheric air is compressed after reducing its volume and at the same time, increasing its pressure. There is a pressure setting knob that can be manipulated as per the requirement of the operator. When the pressure increases to the maximum pressure setting in the receiver or tank, the pressure switch shuts off the intake of air in the compressor. When the compressed air is used, the pressure level falls. As the pressure drops to a low pressure setting, the pressure switch is turned on, thus allowing the intake of atmospheric air. Thus, the cycle continues in an air compressor.

While purchasing an air compressor, it is necessary to check performance, machine configuration, operation type, price and operating cost. As per your requirement and budget, you can consult with the manufacturer about the suitable air compressors. Always purchase a durable compressor that is easy and safe to operate.