How are Diamonds Formed

Diamonds are made purely of carbon atoms arranged in an isometric-hexoctahedral crystal lattice. Being the most precious stone, diamonds are 1000 times stronger than rubies or sapphires. Their superlative physical qualities like, hardness, luster, high dispersion index, and high thermal conductivity (900 -2320 W/m K) make them useful for jewelry and industrial applications. Diamonds can be identified by their high thermal conductivity and refractive index. About 98% of the natural diamonds are used for industrial purposes and rest are used as gemstones.

The Four Cs

Diamonds are examined mainly by the 'four Cs': carat, clarity, color, and cut. Diamonds are measured in carat; one carat equals 1/5th of a gram. It is believed that diamonds are colorless but they come in different colors like white, yellow, brown, pink, red, blue, purple, green, violet and orange. Out of these, white, yellow and brown are most commonly used. A diamond's color can be determined by studying its face up and down. Clarity of the diamonds determine how pure they are. Diamonds having less blemishes and inclusions have better clarity. Cuts in diamonds enhance their color, shine and hide inclusions. If the cuts are too deep or shallow, the diamond will not have a good dispersion. Pear, emerald, marquise, and brilliant are the most popular diamond cuts.

How are Diamonds Formed?

Diamonds are formed under tremendous heat and pressure. These conditions exist 150 km to 200 km beneath the earth's surface, where the temperatures are extremely high ranging from 900ºC to 1300ºC. For millions of years, carbon atoms deep in the earth's upper mantle have been exposed to these extreme conditions. As a result, these atoms combine their cubic molecular form and ultimately form diamond crystals. During volcanic eruptions, diamond crystals eventually make their way to the earth's surface through pipes and channels. These pipes or channels contain the magma from the volcano, which rises along with the diamonds and deposits them on the surface where they are later found and mined. These are known as the primary deposits of diamond. Kimberlite is a blue rock and the most common host of diamonds found in the earliest volcanic pipes.

Some diamonds get washed away either by erosion or by nearby water bodies, and are thus found near river beds. They are known as alluvial deposits. Millions of years of erosion spread diamonds into streams, rivers and the seas. Many centuries ago, diamonds were first recognized and mined in India along the rivers Penner, Krishna and Godavari. Natural diamond sources have been discovered in 35 countries all across the world. Russia, Botswana and South Africa are the major gem quality diamond producers in the world. Australia is one of the world's biggest industrial diamond producer.

Dazzling diamonds have always fascinated women and are considered to be their best friend. They are the best way to express your love for someone special. So, the next time when you venture into a jewelry store and admire an incredible diamond ring, just think about the time, energy and resources that have gone into its making and you'll surely have a better appreciation for it.