Helicobacter Pylori Infection

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of humans, especially the stomach and small intestine. It is aerophilic in nature and requires oxygen for its survival. There are numerous strains of this bacterium, all of which have the potential to convert from helix shape to coccoid form. In about 80% cases, H. pylori does not cause any significant symptoms. It is estimated that over half of the world's population harbor this bacterium in the digestive system. Let's take a look at the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Helicobacter Pylori Infection: Causes and Symptoms

According to studies conducted, it is revealed that majority of Helicobacter pylori infection occurs during childhood. It is more common in developing countries; people residing in crowded and unsanitary areas are at a higher risk of developing H. pylori infection than others. Scientists are of the opinion that contaminated food and water are major causes of this infection. H. pylori infection is contagious and can spread from one infected person to another via close contact and exposure to vomit and stools.

Infection of Helicobacter pylori causes mild inflammation in the mucosa lining of the stomach and duodenum, which in turn, reduces the ability to cope up with the acid secreted by the stomach. Hence, patients with this infection manifest signs of digestive problems. Some of the noticeable symptoms of H. pylori infection are abdominal pain, flatulence, gastritis and peptic ulcers. In kids, symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, blood in the vomit and stomach pain. Stomach pain caused by H. pylori infection is worse on an empty stomach. As these symptoms are more or less similar to other health problems, correct diagnosis is necessary for receiving proper treatment options. At times, chronic H. pylori infection can lead to stomach cancer.

Helicobacter Pylori Infection: Diagnosis and Treatment

Helicobacter pylori infection is diagnosed after conducting laboratory tests such as blood tests, stool analysis and endoscopic biopsy of the stomach and intestinal lining. An individual is diagnosed with H .pylori infection if the result of the blood tests show presence of antibiotics generated by the body against this bacterium. Another effective and fast method is the urea breath test (UBT) in which an individual is administered with a capsule that contains radioactive urea in minute amount. After about few minutes, the exhaled air is examined for presence of radioactive carbon dioxide. If the result is positive, it indicates that the individual is actively infected with H. pylori.

Helicobacter pylori infection is treated by administering antibiotics in doses recommended by the physician. Since bacteria develops antibiotic resistance after being exposed to a particular antibiotic, the physician may prescribe combination of two or more antibiotics to avoid this complication. For getting fast relief from ulcer symptoms, over-the-counter antacids and other acid suppressive medications (for lowering acid secretions) can be prescribed. Stomach protectors can be used so as to protect constant acid irritation of the stomach lining.

One should complete the full course of antibiotics recommended by the physician, otherwise there can be chances of recurrent Helicobacter pylori infection. After completion of the treatment course, the patient should opt for follow-up visits to check whether the bacterium has been eradicated or not. It is advisable to follow personal hygiene and cleanliness tips to prevent H. pylori infection. One should always wash his/her hands with soap and water before and after meals.