Facts About Seals

The fin footed creatures are also part of a super family of the carnivora order. Research has revealed that seals or pinnipeds are descendants of a bear-like ancestor that roamed the earth 23 million years ago! Seals have slender and sleek bodies that are shaped like barrels. Seals spend most of their lives within the aquatic habitat they inhabit. They have short and wide flippers. The smallest seal on record is the Galapagos seal that weighs nearly 30 kg, while the largest seal on record is the southern bull elephant seal that weighs above 2,000 kg!

The seals with ears are also referred to as ‘walking seals’ and include the fur seals and the gorgeous sea lions. The walking seals can move on all fours on land and are social animals that put their rear flippers to optimized use, while covering terrestrial habitats. The larger fore-flippers enable maneuverability expertise in water, but it is their dog-like snouts that make them distinctly different from their cousins the true seals. While sea lions are generally larger than fur seals, recent genetic evidence highlights the close relationship between the two.

The ‘true seals’ are seals without ears. They are also referred to as phocids. They are the most diverse pinnipeds that are distictly different because of their streamlined snouts. These seals live most of their lives in the water and their well developed rear flippers make them swimming experts. These aquatically adapted phocids flaunt undulating body movements while swimming. Their physiological adaptations through evolution gear them for deep and long distance migration. The true seals look very clumsy on land, wobbling from side to side, wriggling their front flippers and stomach muscles.

The exclusive seal family species is that of the walrus, the only surviving member of the odobenidae family of seals. The walrus is distinguished with its tusks and bulk that can sometimes exceed 2000 kg! They display features that are a perfect blend of those displayed by the walking seals and true seals. They not only have the ability to turn their rear flippers forward, but also display whole body movements while swimming. Walruses do not have external ears and feed on clams and benthic invertebrates. They feed well on molluscs and adopt a unique squirt and suck method while feeding.

Seals have short limbs that have evolved into flippers in time. Their fingers and toes are ‘woven’ or bound together by skin, with claws on the front flippers or back flippers. The cause for the small size in their flippers springs from the fact that the density of water is more than that of air. The pinnipeds are weightless when in water and this enables them to remain still within and perform all the feats that they do, to entertain large numbers of onlookers. Seals conserve oxygen longer underwater and are able to resist more pain and fatigue than other mammals.

Seals have a thick layer of blubber under their skin which serves a dual purpose. It keeps the mammal warm in winter and provides buoyancy. Newborn seals have no blubber. Seals also trap the warmth and energy of the sun beneath their fur, in the underfur on the skin. They do shed their fur, which is also referred to as molting. Seals can seeing above and in the water and when diving, a membrane covers and protects its eyes. The nostrils of the seal also close when the mammal is diving and is underwater. The sex organs like the testicles in males and the mammary glands in females are located under the skin. Seals have whiskers that help them to navigate. They are able to relate to direction and sound under water, with the help of the sensors in their skull. These sensors absorb the sounds underwater and transmit the same to the brain. Seals feed on other marine creatures. The bulls breed several dozen females in a single season and have exclusive harems!