The Evolution of the Elliptical Trainer

The elliptical trainer is a relatively new type of exercise machine that first appeared on the fitness scene in the 1990s. Since then, the popularity of elliptical machines has surged as more and more people were introduced to them in health clubs and then bought one for their own home gym. Extensive studies have confirmed the safety and effectiveness of cross training as a great way to get a total body workout.

Early Designs

Fitness enthusiasts everywhere quickly embraced the elliptical trainer. The first models were great for working the lower body, but lacked movable upper handle bars to give the total body workout these trainers are known for. Before long, fitness buffs demanded the upper body workout feature and manufacturers quickly responded with new designs.

Nowadays, almost every elliptical machine provides complete cross training with the movable handle bars a standard feature. Variable resistance and several pre-set workout programs to choose from can help you get a truly complete body workout.

Standard Features

The basic features of an elliptical trainer include the drive system, the resistance system and the stride length. Let’s examine each of these separately.

Drive – There are two types of drive systems: front drive and rear drive. Budget-priced machines usually feature a front-drive system, producing what some users describe as a "rough ride". Rear drive systems are by far the preferred choice. They are found exclusively in mid-priced to top-of-the-line models and provide smoother motion and greater user comfort.

Resistance – Elliptical machines use three standard types of resistance systems. Most budget-priced trainers require the user to adjust resistance manually, but some low-end and most mid-priced trainers use a motorized brake system. Eddy current magnetic resistance is by far the most reliable type of brake system and used almost exclusively in high-end designs. This type of resistance provides the smoothest, quietest ride.

Stride – Stride length is one of the most important features to compare when shopping for an elliptical trainer. Stride length is usually pre-set at the factory and cannot be adjusted by the user. Some mid-priced to high-end models feature adjustable stride length that provides flexibility and customization options for the user. A minimum stride length of 18" is recommended for most users.

Advanced Features

As with anything else, the more you pay, the more you get. Basic trainers won’t have much added to improve basic functionality. More expensive models have more sophisticated features that include some of the following:

LED/LCD Display – The display control panel provides the user with a wide variety of input, feedback, monitoring and guidance. The display panels are typically electronic and require batteries for operation.

Workout Programs– Most ellipticals come with a variety of pre-set or programmable workout programs. Being able to change the intensity of your workout throughout the exercise is important to keep you motivated.

Heart/Pulse Rate Monitors – It’s almost mandatory to monitor your heart rate or pulse while exercising. You want to stay within your optimum aerobic zone throughout the entire workout. Some elliptical trainers measure the pulse via a sensor in the handle bars, other machines use a clip that attaches to the user’s wrist via a wire or a wireless device.

Adjustable Stride– Few elliptical machines feature adjustable stride length. An exception is the Smooth CE elliptical trainer and the CX 938 model from Nordictrack. Adjustment of the stride length is done manually.

Adjustable Incline – An elliptical trainer with an adjustable incline adds even more variety to your workouts. Lower-end machines require the user to adjust the incline manually, higher-end machines use a motorized adjustment of the incline level.

Choosing an Elliptical Trainer

Shopping for the right type of machine is more complicated than trying one out at the health club or fitness equipment dealer and deciding to purchase one. Carefully consider these factors, including:

Budget – Decide how much you want to spend

Brand – Select the brand that gets the most favorable reviews in your price range

Model – Choose the model from that brand that has the features you prefer

Footprint – Make sure the machine fits into the space you have allocated

Warranty – Don’t settle for anything less than a 1 year warranty. Lifetime warranties on the frame and brake are offered by some manufacturers.

Where to Shop for an Elliptical Trainer

If you must get a cheap, basic trainer you can probably get one from your local Wal-Mart, Costco or Sears, but don’t expect to find particularly knowledgeable sales staff or high-end, high-quality equipment. If you need service on your machine at some point, these large merchants will refer you to the manufacturer for assistance.

Quality elliptical trainers are offered by specialty stores that offers high-end fitness machines. These types of stores offer quality products and expert sales staff who can answer your questions and let you try out the machines. Just remember, sales people usually work on a commission. They can be pushy trying to sell you the most expensive elliptical machine in the store.

A better option would be to try out a machine at the local fitness retailer and then go on the Internet to compare prices. Buying online eliminates the middle-man in most cases. Online fitness retailers such as Smooth Fitness sell factory direct, keeping prices low. But watch out for high shipping charges due to the weight and size of the machine.

Final Thought

Elliptical machines have become extremely popular in the last 15 years, rapidly replacing even the venerable treadmill. They are great for anyone interested in getting a low-impact total body workout in the minimum amount of time. Elliptical machines come in a wide variety of shapes, sizes and price ranges, with a range of features to match. Balance your budget against your needs and then go out shopping for the perfect elliptical trainer for your home gym.

Copyright 2006 AllEllipticals.com

About the Author:
David Casey is a fitness pro and contributing writer for http://www.AllEllipticals.com. The site helps consumers find the best elliptical exercise machines in several categories. Visit the site for detailed elliptical reviews, comparison charts and suggestions on establishing a weekly workout routine.