Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase in Dogs

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) encompasses a group of enzymes, mainly secreted by the liver and bone, which are active in a non-acidic (alkaline) phase. Other body parts that are responsible for the production of alkaline phosphatase are kidney, placenta and the intestinal lining. Any abnormality in the level of this enzyme is associated with liver disease and bone disease. By elevated alkaline phosphatase, we mean that the amount of alkaline phosphatase is higher than the recommended levels. Similar to humans, elevated alkaline phosphatase in dogs can be related to certain dog health problems. More on canine liver disease.

Causes of Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase in Dogs

The exact reasons for elevated alkaline phosphatase in dogs is not known as yet. In majority of cases, this abnormality is related to liver problems and bone diseases. Also, in some pet dogs, administration of certain medications for a prolonged period and/or medicine interaction cause elevated alkaline phosphatase levels. It is estimated that a pet dog showing very high amounts of alkaline phosphatase has more than 50 percent chances of developing liver and bone diseases. Some of the dog health problems that are related to an abnormal canine alkaline phosphatase are as follows:

Cushing's Disease
The most common dog illness associated with elevated alkaline phosphatase is Cushing's disease (hyperadrenocorticism), which causes excess production of the hormone, adrenalin. To regulate the salt balance, the dog's body starts secreting high amounts of alkaline phosphatase.

Infectious Hepatitis
Infectious hepatitis is usually spread from one affected dog to another via direct contact or feeding on contaminated food. Over here, the invading parasites attack the liver, which in turn causes elevated alkaline phosphatase and other liver enzymes. Read more on elevated liver enzymes in dogs.

Nodular Hyperplasia
Hepatic nodular hyperplasia is a benign liver disorder that results in abnormal secretion of alkaline phosphatase in dogs. It is a chronic condition and usually, remains asymptomatic till the final stages. Hence, an early diagnosis of nodulary hyperplasia is very difficult in most cases.

Some of the noticeable symptoms for elevated alkaline phosphatase in dogs include discomfort, lethargy, jaundice, weakness and pain. Even though elevated alkaline phosphatase in dogs is a major problem, there are also chances of decreased levels of this enzyme. In general, a very low level of alkaline phosphatase is a genetic defect that results in bone defects and liver problems.

Overview of Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase in Dogs

Elevated alkaline phosphatase in dogs is diagnosed by conducting a blood test. At the time of injury and other normal activities, this enzyme is released into the bloodstream. Though a blood test determines the increased level of alkaline phosphatase in the body, it is not effective to identify the source of elevation. Hence, correct differential diagnostic methods (like affinity electrophoresis) is essential to check whether the defect is in the bone or the liver. The vet may also check for jaundice, pancreatitis, dog liver cancer and other liver problems. Read more on high liver enzymes in dogs.

If routine blood tests show a slight increase of alkaline phosphatase from the normal level, then there is no need for therapeutic treatment. However, the vet may suggest certain dog care tips, including monitoring and amending its feeding habits and routine checkups. Timely treatment of elevated alkaline phosphatase in dogs is necessary, if there are increased risk factors for severe complications. The methodology for the treatment of an elevated alkaline phosphatase depends upon the diagnostic result and the overall dog's health.

Based on the underlying cause, the vet may prescribe specific medication. In order to promote the liver health, liver medicines are advocated. The sick pet should be fed with low sodium content dog food and foods that contain simple carbohydrates and fatty acids. Doing so ensures that the liver is not overtaxed during the process of digestion. With correct medications for elevated alkaline phosphatase and caring tips, you can make your pet comfortable and increase its life expectancy.