Dog Skin Cancer

Dog skin cancer occurs when the skin cells grow in an uncontrolled manner and are unable to divide and multiply normally. Associated structures that include hair follicles, glands and supportive tissues may also be affected. The disease is a common health problem found in dogs and generally occurs in middle-aged and older dogs. Dogs are six times more likely to get skin cancer than cats. Overexposure to the sun is considered to be the main cause of dog skin cancer.

Symptoms of Dog Skin Cancer

Symptoms of dog skin cancer generally manifest on the skin in the form of lumps, lesions and infections. Some of the common symptoms that help diagnose dog skin cancer are:

• Presence of lumps or sores on the skin.
• Skin discoloration where the skin becomes black, red or flaky.
• Coughing
• Fatigue
• Vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Diarrhea
• Skin problems such as wounds that refuse to heal.
• Continuous scratching in certain areas.
• General loss of interest.

Types of Dog Skin Cancer

Dog skin cancer is mainly of two types, viz. benign and malignant. Of these the former type is harmless, while the latter needs medical attention.

Benign Skin Tumors: This type of tumor is non-cancerous, grow very slowly and are painless. These tumors are localized and do not spread. Surgical procedures are rarely used to remove benign tumors. However, if these tumors affect the mobility of the dog, then necessary treatment must be taken immediately.

Types of Malignant Dog Skin Cancer

Unlike the benign skin tumors, malignant cancer, on the other hand, are harmful and life-threatening as they grow rapidly and affect other body parts.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma: This type of cancer, also known as SCC, is commonly seen in dogs. Dogs spending a lot of time in the sun are more susceptible to this type of skin cancer. SCC is commonly observed in the form of cancerous lumps or sores. It starts in the skin, and eventually, the cancerous growth invades the internal organs. This form of cancer generally arises in non-pigmented or sparsely haired skin.

Hemangiosarcoma: In this type of cancer, the soft tissue tumor usually grows in the liver or spleen. However, hemangiosarcoma can also occur on the skin. When hemangiosarcoma arises on the skin, it is called dermal hemangiosarcoma. As a result, the skin appears red or black. When observed under the skin, it is termed as subcutaneous hemangiosarcoma.

Fibrosarcoma: This cancer begins at the fibrous connective tissues of the spine, skull, ribs and pelvis. Over a period of time, it extends and wraps around tissues.

Mast Cell Tumors: This is the most fatal type of dog skin cancer as skin tumors spread indiscriminately. Mast cells are white blood cells that grow and become fatty tumors. If left untreated, mast cell tumors can be life-threatening. These tumors severely hamper the overall movement of the dog.

Treatment for Dog Skin Cancer

Treatment for dog skin cancer can be successful, if detected early. Hence, it is essential to keep a check on the dog's behavior. If any suspicious lumps are found, the dog must be immediately taken to the veterinarian to determine, if the lump is cancerous or not. There are various therapies available to help cure dog skin cancer. It is essential to choose a therapy that suits your dog. Conventional dog skin cancer treatment is as follows:

Chemotherapy: This treatment involves usage of drugs that help stop the growth of cancer cells. This medication halts the indiscriminate spreading of cancer cells. Dogs seldom experience the side effects of chemotherapy, as the dosage of the drugs is low as compared to that given to humans.

Radiation Therapy: This therapy involves the use of high energy radiation to destroy the cancerous growth. The treatment is targeted to a particular area of the body, where the cancer cells are growing. It is an effective way to treat cancer cells and increase the life span of the dog.

Surgery: This form of treatment is used to surgically remove the tumor. However, if the size of the tumor is quite large then surgery along with chemotherapy or radiation may be required. This is because tumors that are too big, cannot be completely removed. While surgical procedures may not cure the disease, they will definitely help reduce the pain considerably.

Homeopathic Remedies: There are also certain herbs that help to strengthen the immune system, thereby help to fight against the skin cancer.

Nutrition and diet can also play an important role in bringing normalcy back in dogs who have skin cancer. It is very essential that your dog has a proper balanced diet, while undergoing cancer treatment. The diet must include protein, carbohydrates and fats in appropriate amounts in order to rebuild the your dog's immune system. Dogs with skin cancer should get nutrient-rich food, as this will help them regain their original strength.

In order to prevent dog skin cancer, prolonged exposure to the sun should be avoided, and nutritious foods that promote health should be provided to dogs. Dog clothing can be a good option to protect your pet from harmful UV rays. Proper dog care will definitely keep your pet happy and healthy.