Gestational Diabetes during Pregnancy

Gestational Diabetes is the diabetes (high levels of blood sugar) detected during pregnancy for the first time. Only about 3-4 out of 100 women may develop diabetes in pregnancy. Some of the risk factors leading to gestational diabetes are obesity, family history of diabetes, pre-diabetes condition, older mothers and previous history of gestational diabetes.

In gestational diabetes, the hormonal changes taking place in the body due to pregnancy tend to develop insulin resistance. The need for insulin increases many folds the normal, and the level of glucose in blood rises leading to hyperglycemia. Confirmatory diagnosis is made by laboratory tests like fasting or random blood sugar and glucose tolerance test. Regular glucose check needs to be done at intervals for proper control of diabetes.

Gestational Diabetes Symptoms
Nausea, fatigue, increased thirst and increased urination can be some of the possible symptoms. Most women with gestational diabetes do not develop any symptoms. The screening test during pregnancy therefore should be mandatory at least in high-risk cases.

Possible complications to the Mother:

• Hypertension in pregnancy - Pre-eclampsia
• Caesarean delivery.
• Risk for developing type 2 diabetes.

Possible complications to the Child:

• Baby tends to be fat and overweight at birth.
• Baby can be hypoglycemic at birth and have breathing problems.
• Grow as overweight children and adults.
• Risk for developing type 2 diabetes.

Treatment for Gestational Diabetes
Gestational Diabetes Diet: The dietician should be consulted for a proper diabetes diet plan. Fresh fruits and vegetables should be consumed regularly. Intake of fats and sweets should be limited.

Exercise: Physical activity helps to utilize the glucose in the blood. Moderate exercises should be planned under strict physician supervision.

Medications: Oral hypoglycemic drugs are not generally preferred. Insulin injections are recommended with monitored dosages as per the blood sugar levels.