Chemistry

Chemistry is the branch of science that pertains to the study of the composition, structure, properties and reactions of matter, especially those of atomic and molecular systems. Among the different areas of chemistry are biochemistry, electrochemistry, organic chemistry and nuclear chemistry. This section provides several educational and homework help articles about chemistry for students and teachers focusing on high school chemistry for kids. Herein you'll find chemistry articles, news and educational materials on the science of chemistry and chemicals for students, scholars and educators, chemical buyers and sellers, and chemists alike.
  • Helium Balloons: How Do They Work?
    With NASA resorting to unmanned helium balloons for scientific studies as a part of its Scientific Ballooning Program, it has become obvious that the use of these gas balloons is no more restricted to amusement parks. In order to understand how helium balloons are used for scientific research, it is important to understand how they work.
  • Properties of Silicon Dioxide
    Silicon dioxide or silica, as it is commonly known as, is an important constituent of sand. However, it is found in several other forms too. In this article, we shall look into the physical and chemical properties of silicon dioxide, and learn a little about its molecular structure. Read on...
  • Difference Between Organic and Inorganic Chemistry
    One of the two most vast branches of chemical science are organic and inorganic chemistry. In this article, I present the distinction between organic and inorganic chemistry for those of you who are planning to take up higher studies in chemistry.
  • Advantages of Chemical Energy
    Chemical energy is the most ubiquitous form of energy available on Earth. This article is aimed at presenting the advantages of chemical energy which make it the most used power source all over the world.
  • Extraction of Trimyristin from Nutmeg
    Weighed down by the sudden spurt in practical sessions at college? Well, here's a bit of help in the form of an easy-to-understand tutorial on extraction of trimyristin from nutmeg. Read ahead and get set to ace chemistry practicals this semester!
  • Facts about Chemical Energy
    In this article, we have shared with you various interesting facts about chemical energy. Read on to know more...
  • Silicon Dioxide Uses
    There are a lot of silicon dioxide uses that we may not be aware of. Right from everyday applications, to heavy duty industrial ones, this silicon form has many uses, some of which have been touched upon in this article.
  • How is Polarity of a Molecule Determined
    If you are curious about how is polarity of a molecule determined, this article will be an insightful read. Here I provide you with guidelines on how to systematically go about determining whether a molecule is polar or non-polar.
  • Acid-Base Reactions
    We can get many common examples of acid base reactions in our daily life. NaCl or table salt is one of them. Find out more about acid base reactions and their examples. Keep reading.
  • Back Titration
    Up for a short chemistry tutorial on back titration? Go through this article to know its exact definition, its entailing examples and some more relative information under this topic.
  • What is a Weak Acid
    What are weak acids? What are some prime examples? If you seek an answer to these questions, this article will be an insightful read.
  • Oxidizing Agent
    What does something like an oxidizing agent state in the world of science and chemistry? Has it got anything to do with oxygenation reagents and processes alike? Let's find out the definition, its examples and its reacting properties in this article below.
  • Weak Bases
    Bases are chemical substances that donate an electron pair or accept an Hydrogen ion in a chemical reaction. Weak bases are not completely able to do so. The concept of weak bases has been discussed further in the following paragraphs.
  • Common Chemical Reactions
    Understanding some of the most common chemical reactions in chemistry is essential for students to gain mastery of the deeper concepts in this form of physical science.
  • What is Copper Sulfate
    An important chemical compound which finds applications in a variety of fields, copper sulfate is synthesized by the method of electrolysis. Listed below are the properties and uses of this compound...
  • Specific Heat Capacity Table
    If you are searching for a reference table listing specific heat capacity of metals and compounds, this article will be a useful reference.
  • Gravimetric Analysis
    This article shares some insights on gravimetric analysis which is essentially the measurement method based on weighing a sample. To know more about it, read on...
  • Redox Titration
    We have had quite a lot of theoretical and practical knowledge in the past regarding titration, redox titration, oxidizing agents and so on, in our chemistry lessons. Continuing on the same context let's see what this article has to say in depth.
  • Exothermic Reaction Examples
    Examples of exothermic reaction are found in several daily activities. Read on to find what is an exothermic reaction and also examples for the same.
  • What is Stoichiometry
    A good command on stoichiometry can help chemistry students deal with variety of mathematical problems in chemistry. Here is some information about the same...
  • What is Titration
    Umm.. landed in the chemistry section to 'really know' what is titration? Looks like it's time to leaf through some chemistry textbooks which you have put behind you for long now! Quickly try to brush up your basic chemistry lessons, because you are gonna need them all below...
  • Molar Solubility
    This is a term we all come across while making solutions in the lab. Read more about it and its various aspects in this article.
  • What is a Combustion Reaction?
    One of the most fundamental reactions in nature is combustion. Here is an introduction to this chemical reaction, in a nutshell.
  • Avogadro's Number
    What is Avogadro's number? What purpose does it serve? Read to find all the answers. . .
  • Molar Heat Capacity
    What is molar heat capacity? What is its associated formula? How is it calculated? Read to find all the answers.
  • Endothermic Reaction Examples
    If you are looking for endothermic reaction examples in everyday life, this article is just what you are looking for. Here I explain what are endothermic reactions and present examples of the same.
  • Combustion Reaction Examples
    Get some simple combustion reaction examples from this article, and help yourself understand the concept better.
  • What is an Exothermic Reaction?
    What is meant by an exothermic reaction? What are some of its examples in everyday life? Read to find all the answers. . .
  • Covalent Bond Examples
    If you are looking for some covalent bond examples, this article has just what you are looking for. Here I explain what is meant by a covalent bond and illustrate it with actual examples.
  • Bond Order
    Bond order, in simple words, is the number of bonds formed between the two atoms. This article covers the basic concept, application and its calculation.
  • Spontaneous Reaction
    In chemistry, spontaneous reaction or spontaneous process is a process which continues on its own without the requirement of any outside force to support it. Read on...
  • Molality Formula
    What is molality of a solute? What is its associated formula? If you are looking for an answer to these questions, this article has the answers. Read to know all about it.
  • Coordination Number
    Coordination number also known as ligancy, is the total number of points of attachment to the central atom. The study of coordination numbers finds its use in coordination chemistry.
  • Mole Fraction
    What is mole fraction? How is it calculated? If you are looking for an answer to these questions, this article is a must read.
  • Molar Concentration
    What is molar concentration? How to calculate it? Read on, to find all the answers. . .
  • Molar Absorptivity
    This is a property of chemical species, that measures the strength with which the chemical species absorb light at a particular wavelength. Read more to know about it and its use in chemistry and other related fields.
  • Covalent and Ionic Bonds
    Chemical compounds are formed by the formation of bonds. Covalent bonds and ionic bonds are examples of this chemical bond, which are like one of the foundation pillars of chemistry. If you want to know more about these, you are in the right place.
  • Binary Molecular Compounds
    Binary molecular compounds are formed by a combination of two non-metallic compounds. The following article will cover information related to the rules for naming binary molecular compounds.
  • Calculating Formal Charge
    If you are looking for guidelines on calculating formal charge of an atom in a molecule, this article has what you are looking for. Here you will find a clear explanation and illustration of the same.
  • Formal Charge
    What is formal charge exactly? What is its significance? What is its formula? Read, to find out all about it. . .
  • Calculating Theoretical Yield
    What is theoretical yield? Go through this article to learn how to calculate it.
  • Molecular Compounds
    A molecular compound is composed of two or more nonmetals. Water is one of the most commonly found molecular compounds, followed by carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and methane. Read on to know more...
  • Nitric Acid Uses
    In the following write-up, we will evaluate some of the most prominent uses of nitric acid to highlight its importance in various industries. Continue reading....
  • John Dalton's Atomic Model
    If you are curious about what was John Dalton's atomic model, this article will be an interesting read. In this article, I present a summary of the same.
  • Calculating Molarity
    If you are looking for guidelines on calculating molarity of a solution, this article is just what you need to read. Scroll down to get an insight into how to calculate molarity of any given solution.
  • Examples of Chemical Changes in Everyday Life
    The examples of chemical changes taking place around shall make you clear what they are actually. Read and find out.
  • What is Organic Chemistry
    To solve your queries about organic chemistry basics, read this article.
  • Chemical Properties of Matter
    What are the physical and chemical properties of matter? Need some explanation on the chemical properties of matter along with relevant examples? To delve more on these chemistry topics, read on...
  • Theoretical Yield
    Theoretical yield is a concept in Chemistry, which calculates the number of products formed during a chemical reaction. In simple terms, it is the number of products obtained with the given number of reactants.
  • Weak Acids and Bases
    What are weak acids and bases? How are they classified? Read to find out...
  • Kinetic Molecular Theory
    Kinetic molecular theory has been used to describe the bulk properties of gases and how particles interact with each other. Here is some information about the same.
  • Physical Properties of Matter
    As everyone knows, matter is 'anything that has mass and occupies space'. Now, let's learn more about the physical properties of matter, its existence in various phases, and different matter activities.
  • Properties of Acids
    Stuck with a chemistry project? Find out all about the distinctive properties of acids and how they react in relation to other compounds in this article...
  • Nitrous Oxide Side Effects
    Are you searching for nitrous oxide side effects? You have landed on the right page then. Here we give you information on how nitrous oxide affects human health.
  • What are Polymers
    The genetic information carrier of our body which is DNA, is a polymer. But what are polymers? Polymers are a long chain of small units of two or more monomers. Find out more about polymers, their synthesis, characteristics and uses.
  • Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions
    What are endothermic and exothermic reactions? This article gives you information about these reactions and illustrations to demonstrate how we encounter them in our day-to-day life...
  • Chemistry in Everyday Life
    Chemistry in everyday life is present in everything that you do daily at every moment. There are many such examples mentioned in the coming up article, for your information, so take a look!
  • Solvent Extraction
    Solvent extraction is one of the most common and important methods for separation and purification of many elements. If you are looking for some more information on the significance and methods of this type of extraction then, read on...
  • Condensation Polymerization
    Polymerization is of two types, condensation polymerization and addition polymerization. In this article, we are going to discuss condensation type of polymerization. Polyester and nylon are some of the most common examples of this type of polymerization. To get more information, read on...
  • Homogeneous Mixture Examples
    The most common homogeneous mixture examples we come across in our day-to-day life are sugar and cement. Read on to know about the concept of homogeneity in solutions and a few more examples.
  • Polarity of Water
    What is polarity of water? What is the importance of polarity of water molecule? Read to get all the answers...
  • Metallic Bonding
    This article introduces the concept of metallic bonding. It explains various facets related to it by giving some examples.
  • Water of Hydration
    What is water of hydration or water of crystallization? Read this article to find answers.
  • Palmitic Acid
    Do you want to learn more about the structure, sources and uses of palmitic acid? Read on to learn more...
  • Balancing Redox Reactions
    Balancing redox reactions can be a nightmare for a student trying to pass a chemistry examination. However, the crux here is to get the trick. Once you understand the concept clearly, balancing will not be such a pain in the neck...
  • Polystyrene Properties
    What is polystyrene? What are the properties of polystyrene? What is it used for? Here's an article on polystyrene properties. Read on...
  • Dehydration Synthesis
    Dehydration synthesis refers to the type of reaction, wherein something is formed at the cost of losing water molecule(s) from the reacting substances. Examples of dehydration synthesis reaction are formation of maltose from glucose and protein synthesis from amino acids. Read on to know more about dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.
  • Chemical Energy: Examples of Chemical Energy
    In our daily life, there are innumerable examples of chemical energy that are a testimony to the fact that one form of energy can be converted into the other by various means.
  • Organic Compounds List
    Organic compounds are those molecules that are formed from three elements, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The following article on organic compounds list will help you learn some of organic molecules.
  • Acrylic Acid
    Acrylic acid is a valuable industrial product that is used for various important purposes in chemical factories. In this article, we will know more about its uses.
  • Redox Reactions - Examples
    With the help of various redox reactions examples mentioned in this article, students will find it easier to understand the meaning of redox reactions and the chemical processes occurring in them.
  • Benzene Uses
    We have all studied about the hexagonal 6 carbon and hydrogen membered aromatic ring of benzene in school. However, how is benzene used and where is benzene used actually? Do we know we come in contact with more benzene than we actually realize?
  • Hydrobromic Acid
    The properties and uses of hydrobromic acid are presented in the following paragraphs. Precautionary measures are also dissuced as inhalation or swallowing of this acid may be very dangerous.
  • Propylene Glycol Dangers
    Propylene glycol is an chemical component that is used in the manufacturing of coolants, antifreeze, etc. Read on to know more about propylene glycol dangers and uses.
  • Compounds: Examples of Compounds
    What are chemical compounds? What are they made up of? What are some examples of compounds? Scroll down for answers to these questions...
  • Phosphoric Acid Uses
    What are phosphoric acid uses? What is it used for? What is phosphoric acid formula? Given below are the answers to all of these questions and more...
  • Physical Change Examples
    What is a physical change? What are the physical change examples for kids that can effectively illustrate this concept? Read to get all the answers.
  • Cadmium Sulfide
    Cadmium sulfide is a compound that has many uses. Given below are details on preparation method, properties and toxicity of this compound...
  • Endothermic Vs. Exothermic Reactions
    Endothermic and exothermic reactions are fundamentally different. This article explains the differences between the two reactions types.
  • Chemical Reactions in Everyday Life
    Some of the observable examples of chemical reactions in everyday life are respiration (aerobic and anaerobic), photosynthesis, rusting and burning. Read on to find out...
  • Enzymatic Browning
    Enzymatic browning is a chemical process that renders food a stale brown color and spoils the quality of the food. Read on to know the details about this chemical reaction.
  • Chemical Change Examples
    There are innumerable chemical change examples that occur around us all the time but we never notice them. Take a look at some daily chemical change examples that are often observed in the surroundings.
  • Organic Compounds - Examples
    Organic compounds examples are found all around us, as they form the basis of many products that we use today. Read on, to learn more about these compounds, and to see a brief list of the examples.
  • Copper Sulfate Uses
    What is copper sulfate? What is it used for? Scroll down for information on copper sulfate uses...
  • Concentration Gradient
    Concentration gradient is defined as the variation in the concentration of solute from one region to another in a solution. According to this gradient, molecular diffusion takes place from higher concentration to lower concentration.
  • Formic Acid - Strong or Weak
    This article provides information about the properties of formic acid and deciphers the facts of whether is it a strong or weak acid. Read on to know more.
  • Chemistry Reference Table
    Are you looking for some chemistry reference tables? Then you have come to the right page, since the article given below provides various reference tables useful for performing chemistry experiments and problems.
  • Water: Boiling Point of Water
    The normal boiling point of water is 100 degrees in Celsius and 212 degrees Fahrenheit, when measured at 1 atmosphere or standard sea level pressure. To understand what factors are responsible for altering water boiling point, read on...
  • Molarity Formula
    If you are clueless about what is molarity formula or what does molarity mean, you have landed on the right page. Reading this article will clear out all your doubts about what is molarity formula and how it's used in chemistry applications.
  • Copper Sulfate Crystals
    It is an interesting task to prepare copper sulfate crystals at your home. In this article, you will know how do this simple experiment at home.
  • Lab Report Format
    Are you looking for a lab report format? Here's an article on how to write a correct format for a lab report. Read on...
  • Electrolytes - What are They
    Important elements in the body that need constant replenishing are electrolytes. Learn about what they are and what role they play for the system.
  • Sugar Crystals
    The sugar crystals are basically sucrose molecules formed as a result of crystallization. Find more about this topic in the following paragraphs.
  • Types of Crystals
    Different types of crystals are classified based on their structure, properties and several other aspects. To understand more about crystals types and also, their use in crystal healing, read on.
  • Water Chemical Properties
    Water is a tasteless, odorless, transparent liquid, that forms the most abundant liquid found on earth. Like any other compound, water also has its own set physical and chemical properties. Let's have a look at the chemical properties of water.
  • How to Calculate Molarity
    It seems you love chemistry and if you want to find how to calculate molarity, you have come to the right place to clear all your doubts.
  • Why is Water a Polar Molecule
    Why is water a polar molecule is a common chemistry question asked by many young students. The unique properties of water make it a polar molecule and the following article will help explain why is water polar.
  • How to Calculate Theoretical Yield
    Theoretical yield is the maximum amount of products that can be created by a given amount of reactants. In this article, we will try to learn more about theoretical yield and how it is calculated.
  • How to Calculate Molar Mass
    If you are flummoxed by molar mass calculations and face conceptual problems concerning it, this article will help you out. Keep reading to know all about the calculation technique.
  • How to Grow Crystals
    Growing crystals at home is a fun and easy project that you can carry out with easily available supplies. Here is some information on how to grow crystals from salt and sugar, which you can experiment at home.
  • Why does Ice Float
    Do you want to try a fun buoyancy experiment? If you have been wondering why does ice float on water, the following article will give you all the answers regarding this natural buoyancy phenomenon.
  • Ionic Compounds Vs. Molecular Compounds
    Did you know that common salt, sugar and water are some of the common ionic and molecular compounds? Read more on ionic compounds vs molecular compounds.
  • Polypropylene Properties and Uses
    Properties of Polypropylene have made it one of those materials which have high demand in all spheres of life. This article will give a brief overview of the polypropylene properties and uses.
  • Formaldehyde Uses
    Formaldehyde is a chemical that is used in manufacturing many industrial products. There are many uses of formaldehyde in our day-to-day life. Read on to know about them...
  • Ribose Vs Deoxyribose
    The following article is going to highlight some differences between deoxyribose and ribose. This comparison has been written to be helpful for organic chemistry students.
  • Laughing Gas Side Effects
    Nitrous oxide is popularly known as laughing gas or happy gas. Ironic to the names, it has many side effects. Read on for more information regarding laughing gas side effects.
  • Potassium Nitrate Uses
    Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound made up of potassium, nitrogen and oxygen. This article will introduce you to all the potassium nitrate uses.
  • Silver Nitrate Uses
    Silver nitrate is a very useful chemical compound that has many uses, and is also a highly versatile precursor to most of the other silver compounds. Ancient alchemists named silver, as 'luna', thus making silver nitrate, 'lunar caustic'.
  • Chemistry Terms - Glossary of Chemistry Terms and Definitions
    Chemistry is a branch of science that deals with the study of the behavioral attributes of various substances, their chemical composition, their chemical reactions and so on. Here I have explained each of the chemistry terminology in a simple and comprehensive manner. Go through the chemistry terms to enrich your knowledge on chemistry glossary.
  • Muriatic Acid Uses
    Muriatic acid uses are many in the industrial sector. It is mainly used in the chemical industry as a chemical reagent. Let's read on further to know more.
  • Kids Chemistry Experiments
    Chemistry experiments for kids can be fun and can help develop a habit of investigating the chemical properties of various substances. Let us discuss some of the kids chemistry experiments.
  • Chemistry Experiments for Kids
    Kids chemistry experiments are a fantastic way of teaching kids about chemistry through a practical perspective. Keeping that in mind, we have a look at some simple chemistry experiments that children can take account of in the following article.
  • Retrograde Condensation Mechanism
    Retrograde condensation is used to describe the behavior of binary mixture during isothermal compression above the critical temperature of the mixture. This article will try to explain the retrograde condensation mechanism.
  • Collision Theory and Reaction Rates - Explaining the Factors of Collision Theory
    This article is an attempt to introducing the basics and explaining factors of collision theory qualitatively. Collision theory and rates of reaction are related by the fundamental fact that all chemical reactions are a result of collisions between atoms, molecules or ions. In the course of discussion we will discuss the effect of concentration on reaction rate.
  • How Does the Collision Theory Work
    In order to understand how the collision theory works, one needs to grasp the alignment of atoms that takes place during chemical reactions. The factors that have an effect on the collision theory are temperature and particle density.
  • Chemistry of Acid Rain
    Any form of precipitation which is acidic in nature is called acid rain. Acid rain is the result of excessive emissions of sulfur and nitrogen caused by human activity, which reacts with other compounds to form acids. Acid rain has detrimental effects on animals, plants and infrastructure.
  • Synthetic Elements
    Synthetic elements are man-made elements. They do not occur in nature. To find out more about synthetic elements, read on...
  • How are Crystals Formed?
    The glittering crystals have been mesmerizing mankind by their beauty and mysterious healing power throughout the ages. They are formed by a process called crystallization.
  • Understanding Carbon Nanotubes
    Carbon nanotubes, a carbon allotrope, are the strongest materials known till date. They are widely used in electronic device, microscopes...
  • John Dalton's Atomic Theory
    John Dalton, the father of modern atomic theory, developed the atomic theory in the early nineteenth century. According to him, all elements are made of atoms and the purity of an element is attributed to the presence of similar atoms.
  • Synthetic Lifeforms: What are the Types?
    Synthetic life is a multi-disciplinary field in research devoted to the creation of lifelike structures in fields like computational, biochemical, mechanical, or combinations of the three. Scientists working in the field of artificial life anticipate gaining general insights about self-organizing systems, applying their knowledge in technology development.
  • The Internet’s Scientific and Technical References
    You need to find the sine of a 29 degree angle, or the atomic weight of calcium. What will you do? The internet contains a wealth of tables, charts, formulas, and detailed explanations related to a variety of scientific and technical fields.
  • Different Branches of Chemistry
    Chemistry, a study of the fundamental units of matter, is subdivided into branches that deal with specialized spheres of chemistry. Let us look at the different branches of chemistry.
  • Types of Chemical Bonds
    There are different types of chemical bonding. This article gives an insight into three main types of chemical bonding.
  • Half Life in Nuclear Chemistry
    The half-life of radioactive elements is a part of nuclear chemistry. Half-life occurs naturally in some of the radioactive elements while it could be artificially stimulated in some other elements. This article gives a brief introduction to half-life in nuclear chemistry.
  • Types of Chemical Reactions
    All the chemical reactions involve certain changes in the substances and energy. There are basic six types of chemical reactions. Here is some interesting information about them...
  • Growing Crystals Recipes - How to Make Crystals
    Growing crystals are easy and fun recipes. Crystal recipes make great chemistry projects for school children. Read this article to grow crystals at home.
  • Molecular Manipulation Through Virtual Reality
    How would you like to see and feel the intricate structure of complex molecules? High tech models and virtual reality are making this possible.
  • Ionic Bonding
    Ionic bonds are formed between atoms after the transfer of electrons. Learn more about this intriguing occurrence in chemistry where elements of nature combine to produce something quite amazing in the things we take for granted around us.
  • Biochemistry Facts
    Biochemistry is the study of important biomolecules and the chemical reactions that facilitate the daily physiological activities of living organisms. Learn more about this interesting process that occurs within living things.
  • Chemical Weathering
    Chemical Weathering is weathering as a result of chemical reactions. Read on to know more...
  • How does Soap Work
    Read on to know more about the chemical details of the soap and how it actually works...
  • Citric Acid Cycle
    Citric Acid Cycle unlocks the energy source of our body. To know more read this article that describes the process step by step.
  • Uses of Galvanized Steel
    Read on to know about galvanized steel and its various uses...
  • Glass: Material from the Sands of Time
    Glass, discovered since 4,500 BC plays an indispensable part in our lives. Right from Cookery, light sources to high-end technologies like computers and cameras, the crucial component is glass. A little insight on the history of glass, and its chemistry involved to make different colors.
  • Electron Emission from Solids (II): Applications
    Certain solids emit electrons from their surfaces when subjected to heat (thermionic emission), electromagnetic radiation (photoemission) and/or an electric field (field emission). Much of electronics, including vacuum tubes, cathode-ray tubes in their various manifestations, and electron microscopes, depend on the emission of electrons from metals and the manipulation of these electrons to perform various tasks.
  • Electron Emission from Solids (I): History & Theory
    Certain solids emit electrons from their surfaces when subjected to heat (thermionic emission), electromagnetic radiation (photoemission) and/or an electric field (field emission). Much of electronics, including vacuum tubes, cathode-ray tubes in their various manifestations, and electron microscopes, depend on the emission of electrons from metals and the manipulation of these electrons to perform various tasks.
  • Crystal Symmetries: Base of Crystallography
    The external form of crystals is governed by their atomic structure, which can be described in terms of geometrical rules called symmetry. The symmetry of a crystal is reflected by its external shapes. A brief history regarding the discovery of crystal structures is presented here.
  • Know your Dendrimer
    Learn about dendrimers and their properties. Their flexibility ensures that they can be put to use in an array of businesses.
  • Photoluminescence Spectroscopy: New Technique for Detecting Explosives
    Although spectroscopy is an old technique, it has been recently applied to the detection of explosives. This technique helps in identifying the explosive element from the molecules released by exposing a high power laser beam on it or in its vicinity. The excited molecules give off photons (light) of the characteristic wavelength of the material when the light source is removed. This technique has been studied and developed by a research team at the University of Florida.
  • Isomers
    There are 3 types of Isomers - Structural, Geometric and Enantiomers. They are a description of the molecular composition of any compound.
  • Amedeo Avogadro
    Although he did not use the word 'atom', Avogadro was one of the first to consider that perhaps particles were composed of molecules and that molecules in their turn were composed of the simpler atoms.
  • A Primer on Storage Cells
    Alkaline Cells, Carbon-Zinc cells, Mercury cells, Zinc-Air cells, Silver Oxide cells, Lead Acid cells, Edison cells, Nicad cells, NiMH and Lithium cells are the most commonly used cells today. A concise look at the fundamentals and principles of devices that "confine" energy into small cells.
  • The Story of Plastics
    Nowadays, Plastics are taken so much for granted that it seems quite inconceivable that there was ever a time when they were not quite such familiar objects of daily life.
  • Warm Water Vibrates for Longer Time
    Dutch researcher Arjan Lock has investigated the behavior of vibrating water molecules. Using ultra-short laser pulses, he has found that hydrogen atoms in water molecules vibrate for a longer period of time at higher temperatures contrary to the majority of substances in which a vibration lives shorter at higher temperatures.