Chemistry
Chemistry is the branch of science that pertains to the study of the composition, structure, properties and reactions of matter, especially those of atomic and molecular systems. Among the different areas of chemistry are biochemistry, electrochemistry, organic chemistry and nuclear chemistry. This section provides several educational and homework help articles about chemistry for students and teachers focusing on high school chemistry for kids. Herein you'll find chemistry articles, news and educational materials on the science of chemistry and chemicals for students, scholars and educators, chemical buyers and sellers, and chemists alike.
Helium Balloons: How Do They Work?
With NASA resorting to unmanned helium balloons for scientific studies as a part of its Scientific Ballooning Program, it has become obvious that the use of these gas balloons is no more restricted to amusement parks. In order to understand how helium balloons are used for scientific research, it is important to understand how they work.
Properties of Silicon Dioxide
Silicon dioxide or silica, as it is commonly known as, is an important constituent of sand. However, it is found in several other forms too. In this article, we shall look into the physical and chemical properties of silicon dioxide, and learn a little about its molecular structure. Read on...
Difference Between Organic and Inorganic Chemistry
One of the two most vast branches of chemical science are organic and inorganic chemistry. In this article, I explain the difference between organic and inorganic chemistry for those of you who are planning to take up higher studies in chemistry.
Advantages of Chemical Energy
Chemical energy is the most ubiquitous form of energy available on Earth. This article is aimed at presenting the advantages of chemical energy which make it the most used power source all over the world.
Extraction of Trimyristin from Nutmeg
Weighed down by the sudden spurt in practical sessions at college? Well, here's a bit of help in the form of an easy-to-understand tutorial on extraction of trimyristin from nutmeg. Read ahead and get set to ace chemistry practicals this semester!
Facts about Chemical Energy
We use chemical energy in many different ways in our every day life. In this article, we have shared with you various interesting facts about chemical energy. Read on to know more...
Silicon Dioxide Uses
There are a lot of silicon dioxide uses that we may not be aware of. Right from everyday applications, to heavy duty industrial ones, this silicon form has many uses, some of which have been touched upon in this article.
How is Polarity of a Molecule Determined
If you are curious about how is polarity of a molecule determined, this article will be an insightful read. Here I provide you with guidelines on how to systematically go about determining whether a molecule is polar or non-polar.
Acid-Base Reactions
We can get many common examples of acid base reactions in our daily life. NaCl or table salt is one of them. Find out more about acid base reactions and their examples in this article. Keep reading.
Back Titration
Up for a short chemistry tutorial on back titration? Go through this article to know its exact definition, its entailing examples and some more relative information under this topic.
Weak Acids
What are weak acids? What are the examples of weak acids? If you seek an answer to these questions, this article will be an insightful read.
Oxidizing Agent
What does something like an oxidizing agent state in the world of science and chemistry? Has it got anything to do with oxygenation reagents and processes alike? Let's find out the definition, its examples and its reacting properties in this article below.
Weak Bases
Bases are chemical substances that donate an electron pair or accept an Hydrogen ion in a chemical reaction. Weak bases are not completely able to do so. The concept of weak bases has been discussed further in the following paragraphs.
Common Chemical Reactions
Understanding some of the most common chemical reactions in chemistry is essential for students to gain mastery of the deeper concepts in this form of physical science. In this article, we'll introduce you to some of the most common chemical reactions of everyday use...
What is Copper Sulfate
An important chemical compound which finds applications in a variety of fields, copper sulfate is synthesized by the method of electrolysis. Listed below are the properties and uses of this compound...
Specific Heat Capacity Table
If you are looking for a specific heat capacity table of metals and compounds, this article will be a useful reference. Here, I define what is meant by specific capacity, and present a table denoting measured values of specific heat capacity for metals and certain compounds.
Gravimetric Analysis
This article shares some insights on gravimetric analysis which is essentially the measurement method based on weighing a sample. To know more about it, read on...
Redox Titration
We have had quite a lot of theoretical and practical knowledge in the past regarding titration, redox titration, oxidizing agents and so on, in our chemistry lessons. Continuing on the same context let's see what this articles has to say in depth...
Exothermic Reaction Examples
Are you looking for exothermic reaction examples? Read on to find what is an exothermic reaction and also examples for the same.
What is Stoichiometry
An understanding of what is stoichiometry can help chemistry students deal with variety of mathematical problems in chemistry. Here is some information about the same...
What is Titration
Umm.. landed in the chemistry section to 'really know' what is titration? Looks like it's time to leaf through some chemistry textbooks which you have put behind you for long now! Quickly try to brush up your basic chemistry lessons, because you are gonna need them all below...
Molar Solubility
Molar Solubility is a term we all come across while making solutions in the lab. Read more about molar solubility and its various aspects in this article.
Combustion Reaction
What is a combustion reaction? What is the combustion reaction formula? Read to find all the answers.
Avogadro's Number
What is Avogadro's number? What purpose does it serve? Read to find all the answers. . .
Molar Heat Capacity
What is molar heat capacity? What is the molar heat capacity formula? How is molar heat capacity calculated? Read to find all the answers.
Endothermic Reaction Examples
If you are looking for endothermic reaction examples in everyday life, this article is just what you are looking for. Here I explain what are endothermic reactions and present examples of endothermic reactions.
Combustion Reaction Examples
Get some simple and easy-to-understand combustion reaction examples from this article, and help yourself understand the concept better.
Exothermic Reaction
What is meant by an exothermic reaction? Which are some of the exothermic reaction examples in everyday life? Read to find all the answers. . .
Covalent Bond Examples
If you are looking for some covalent bond examples, this article has just what you are looking for. Here I explain what is meant by a covalent bond and illustrate it with actual examples.
Bond Order
Bond order, in simple words, is the number of bonds formed between the two atoms. This article covers the basic concept, application and calculating bond orders.
Spontaneous Reaction
In the following write-up, we will discuss spontaneous reaction in a bid to make you understand all the intricate details of this concept. Continue reading for more information on spontaneous reaction, aka spontaneous process, along with examples...
Molality Formula
What is molality of a solute? What is the molality formula? If you are looking for an answer to these questions, this article has the answers. Read to know all about the molality calculation formula.
Coordination Number
Coordination number also known as ligancy, is the total number of points of attachment to the central atom. The study of coordination numbers finds its use in coordination chemistry. In this article, we will take a look on coordination number and will also see how to find coordination number for different materials.
Mole Fraction
What is mole fraction? How to calculate mole fraction? If you are looking for an answer to these questions, this article is a must read.
Molarity Equation
What is the molarity equation? How is the molarity equation used to calculate molar concentration? Read on, to find all the answers. . .
Molar Concentration
What is molar concentration? How to find molar concentration? Read on, to find all the answers. . .
Molar Absorptivity
Molar absorptivity is a property of chemical species, that measures the strength with which the chemical species absorb light at a particular wavelength. Read more to know about this property and its use in chemistry and other fields related to it.
Covalent and Ionic Bonds
Chemical compounds are formed by the formation of bonds. Covalent and ionic bonds are examples of this chemical bond, which are like one of the foundation pillars of chemistry. If you want to know more about these, you are in the right place.
Binary Molecular Compounds
Binary molecular compounds are formed by a combination of two non-metallic compounds. The following article will cover information related to the rules for naming binary molecular compounds.
Calculating Formal Charge
If you are looking for guidelines on calculating formal charge of an atom in a molecule, this article has what you are looking for. Here you will find a clear explanation and illustration of how to calculate formal charge of an atom, which is part of a molecule.
Formal Charge
What is formal charge exactly? What is its significance? What is the formal charge formula? Read, to find out all about it. . .
Calculating Theoretical Yield
What is theoretical yield? Go through this article to know about calculating theoretical yield.
Molecular Compounds
A molecular compound is composed of two or more nonmetals. Water is one of the most commonly found molecular compounds, followed by carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and methane. Read on to know more...
Nitric Acid Uses
In the following write-up, we will evaluate some of the most prominent nitric acid uses to highlight the importance of this acid for various industries. Continue reading for some interesting facts about nitric acid - with special emphasis on its uses.
John Dalton's Atomic Model
If you are curious about what is John Dalton's atomic model, this article will be an interesting read. In this article, I present a summary of John Dalton's atomic model theory.
Calculating Molarity
If you are looking for guidelines on calculating molarity of a solution, this article is just what you need to read. Scroll down to get an insight into how to calculate molarity of any given solution.
What are the Branches of Chemistry
If you are curious about what are the branches of chemistry, then this article will be a helpful read. Here you will find information about what are the different branches of chemistry, which will help you choose a major, if you are planning a career as a chemist.
Examples of Chemical Changes in Everyday Life
The examples of chemical changes taking place around shall make you clear what they are actually. Read and find out.
What is Organic Chemistry
What is organic chemistry? What is organic chemistry used for? How organic compounds are classified? To solve your queries about organic chemistry basics, read this article.
Chemical Properties of Matter
What are the physical and chemical properties of matter? Need some explanation on the chemical properties of matter along with relevant examples? To delve more on these chemistry topics, read on...
Theoretical Yield
What is theoretical yield? How is it calculated? Read this article to find out...
Weak Acids and Bases
What are weak acids and bases? Which chemicals are known as weak acids and bases? Read to find them out...
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Kinetic molecular theory has been used to describe the bulk properties of gases and how particles interact with each other. Here is some information about the same.
Physical Properties of Matter
As everyone knows, matter is 'anything that has mass and occupies space'. Now, let's learn more about the physical properties of matter, its existence in various phases, and different matter activities...
Properties of Acids
Stuck with a chemistry project? Find out all about the distinctive properties of acids and how they react in relation to other compounds in this article...
What are Polymers
Do you know that the genetic information carrier of our body which is DNA, is a polymer? But what are polymers? Let's, find out what are polymers, their synthesis, characteristics and uses. Read on...
Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions
What are endothermic and exothermic reactions? This article will give you information about these facets of chemistry and illustrations to demonstrate how we encounter them in our day-to-day life...
Chemistry in Everyday Life
Chemistry in everyday life is present in everything that you do daily at every moment. There are many such examples mentioned in the coming up article, for your information, so take a look!
Solvent Extraction
Solvent extraction is one of the most common and important methods for separation and purification of many elements. If you are looking for some more information on the significance and methods of solvent extraction then, read on...
Condensation Polymerization
Polymerization is of two types, condensation polymerization and addition polymerization. In this article, we are going to discuss condensation type of polymerization. Polyester and nylon are some of the most common examples of this type of polymerization. To get more information, read on...
Homogeneous Mixture Examples
The most common homogeneous mixture examples we come across in our day-to-day life are sugar and cement. Read on to know about the concept of homogeneity in solutions and a few more mixture examples.
Polarity of Water
What is polarity of water? What is the importance of polarity of water molecule? Read to get all the answers...
Metallic Bonding
This article introduces the concept of metallic bonding. It explains various facets of metallic bonding.
Water of Hydration
What is water of hydration or water of crystallization? Read this article to find answers.
Palmitic Acid
Do you want to learn more about the structure, sources and uses of palmitic acid? Read on to learn more...
Balancing Redox Reactions
Balancing redox reactions can be a nightmare for a student trying to pass the chemistry examination. However, the crux here is to get the trick. Once you understand the concept clearly, balancing will not be such a pain in the neck...
Polystyrene Properties
What is polystyrene? What are the properties of polystyrene? What is it used for? Here's an article on polystyrene properties. Read on...
Dehydration Synthesis
Dehydration synthesis refers to the type of reaction, wherein something is formed at the cost of losing water molecule(s) from the reacting substances. Examples of dehydration synthesis reaction are formation of maltose from glucose and protein synthesis from amino acids. Read on to know more about dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.
Chemical Energy: Examples of Chemical Energy
In our daily life, there are innumerable chemical energy examples that are a testimony to the fact that one form of energy can be converted into the other by various means. Here is a discussion about various examples of chemical energy.
Organic Compounds List
Organic compounds are those molecules that are formed from three elements, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The following article on organic compounds list will help you learn some of organic molecules.
Acrylic Acid
Acrylic acid is a valuable industrial product that is used for various important purposes in chemical factories. Here is some information about various features of acrylic acid...
Redox Reactions - Examples
With the help of various redox reactions examples mentioned in this article, students will find it easier to understand the meaning of redox reactions and the chemical processes occurring in them.
Benzene Uses
This article throws light on the extensive field of benzene uses. We have all studied about the hexagonal 6 carbon and hydrogen membered aromatic ring of benzene in school. However, how is benzene used and where is benzene used actually? Do we know we come in contact with more benzene than we actually realize?
Hydrobromic Acid
The properties and used of hydrobromic acid are presented in the following paragraphs. In formation about precautions presented below, should provide enough information about how to deal with emergency situations.
Propylene Glycol Dangers
Propylene glycol is an chemical component that is used in the manufacturing of coolants, antifreeze, etc. Read on to know more about propylene glycol dangers and uses.
Compounds: Examples of Compounds
What are chemical compounds? What are they made up of? What are some examples of compounds? Scroll down for answers to these questions...
Phosphoric Acid Uses
What are phosphoric acid uses? What is phosphoric acid used for? What is phosphoric acid formula? Given below are the answers to all of these questions and more...
Physical Change Examples
What is a physical change? What are the physical change examples for kids that can effectively illustrate this concept? Read to get all the answers.
Cadmium Sulfide
Cadmium sulfide is a compound that has many uses. Given below are details on cadmium sulfide preparation method, properties and toxicity...
Endothermic vs Exothermic
Endothermic and exothermic reactions are fundamentally different. This article makes an endothermic vs exothermic reaction comparison, that explains how both types of reactions occur and differ from each other.
Chemical Reactions in Everyday Life
Some of the observable examples of chemical reactions in everyday life are respiration (aerobic and anaerobic), photosynthesis, rusting and burning. Read on to find out...
Enzymatic Browning
Enzymatic browning is a chemical process that renders food a stale brown color and spoils the quality of the food. Read on to know the details about this chemical reaction.
Chemical Change Examples
There are innumerable chemical change examples that occur around us all the time but we never notice them. Take a look at some daily chemical change examples that are often observed in the surroundings.
Organic Compounds - Examples
Organic compounds examples are found all around us, as they form the basis of many products that we use today. Read on, to learn more about organic compounds, and to see a brief list of organic compounds examples.
Copper Sulfate Uses
What is copper sulfate? What is it used for? Scroll down for information on copper sulfate uses...
Concentration Gradient
Concentration gradient is defined as the variation in the concentration of solute from one region to another in a solution. According to this gradient, molecular diffusion takes place from higher concentration to lower concentration.
Formic Acid - Strong or Weak
What is formic acid found in? What are its properties? Is formic acid strong or weak? This article provides information about the properties of formic acid and deciphers the facts of whether is it a strong or weak acid. Read on to know more.
Chemistry Reference Table
Are you looking for some chemistry reference tables? Then you have come to the right page, since the article given below provides various reference tables useful for performing chemistry experiments and problems.
Water: Boiling Point of Water
The normal boiling point of water is 100 degrees in Celsius and 212 degrees Fahrenheit, when measured at 1 atmosphere or standard sea level pressure. To understand what factors are responsible for altering water boiling point, read on...
Molarity Formula
If you are clueless about what is molarity formula or what does molarity mean, you have landed on the right page. Reading this article will clear out all your doubts about what is molarity formula and how it's used in chemistry applications.
Copper Sulfate Crystals
This article presents some information about copper sulfate crystals and guides readers on how to make copper sulfate crystals. Read on...
Lab Report Format
Are you looking for a lab report format? Here's an article on how to use correct lab report format. Read on...
Electrolytes - What are They
Wondering what electrolytes are? This article will tell you about 'electrolytes - what are they', and what do they do for your body.
Sugar Crystals
The sugar crystals are basically sucrose molecules formed as a result of crystallization. The activity of growing sugar crystals is explained in the article below.
Types of Crystals
Different types of crystals are classified based on their structure, properties and several other aspects. To understand more about crystals types and also, their use in crystal healing, read on..
Water Chemical Properties
This article dwells on water chemical properties. Water is a tasteless, odorless, transparent liquid, that forms the most abundant liquid found on earth. Like any other compound, water also has its own set physical and chemical properties. Let's have a look at the chemical properties of water.
How to Calculate Molarity
It seems you love chemistry and if you want to find how to calculate molarity, you have come to the right place to clear all your doubts.
Why is Water a Polar Molecule
Why is water a polar molecule is a common chemistry question asked by many young students. The unique properties of water make it a polar molecule and the following article will help explain why is water polar.
How to Calculate Theoretical Yield
Theoretical yield is the maximum amount of products that can be created by a given amount of reactants. In this article, we will try to learn more about theoretical yield and how to calculate theoretical yield.
How to Calculate Molar Mass
If you are flummoxed by how to calculate molar mass and are facing conceptual problems about it, this article will help you out. Keep reading to know how to calculate molar mass in simple steps.
How to Make Crystals
Crystals can be easily made by making a chemical solution and then allowing it to cool or evaporate. Here are some instructions on how to make crystals from alum and sugar.
How to Grow Crystals
Growing crystals at home is a fun and easy project that you can carry out with easily available supplies. Here is some information on how to grow crystals from salt and sugar, which you can experiment at home.
Why does Ice Float
Do you want to try a fun buoyancy experiment? If you have been wondering why does ice float on water, the following article will give you all the answers regarding this natural buoyancy phenomenon.
Ionic Compounds Vs Molecular Compounds
Have you ever known that common salt, sugar and water are some of the common ionic and molecular compounds. Read more on ionic compounds vs molecular compounds.
Polypropylene Properties and Uses
Properties of Polypropylene have made it one of those materials which have high demand in all spheres of life. This article will give a brief overview of the polypropylene properties and uses.
Formaldehyde Uses
Formaldehyde is a chemical that is used in manufacturing many industrial products. There are many formaldehyde uses in our day-to-day life. Read on to know about them...
Ribose Vs Deoxyribose
The following article on ribose vs deoxyribose is going to highlight some differences between deoxyribose and ribose. This comparison between 'deoxyribose vs ribose' has been written to be helpful for organic chemistry students.
Laughing Gas Side Effects
Nitrous oxide is popularly known as laughing gas or happy gas. Ironic to the names, it has many side effects. Read on for more information regarding laughing gas side effects.
Potassium Nitrate Uses
Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound made up of potassium, nitrogen and oxygen. This article will introduce you to all the potassium nitrate uses.
Silver Nitrate Uses
Silver nitrate is a very useful chemical compound that has many uses, and is also a highly versatile precursor to most of the other silver compounds. Ancient alchemists named silver, as 'luna', thus making silver nitrate, 'lunar caustic'. To know more about silver nitrate uses read on...
Chemistry Terms - Glossary of Chemistry Terms and Definitions
Chemistry is a branch of science that deals with the study of the behavioral attributes of various substances, their chemical composition, their chemical reactions and so on. Here I have explained each of the chemistry terminology in a simple and comprehensive manner. Go through the chemistry terms to enrich your knowledge on chemistry glossary.
Muriatic Acid Uses
Muriatic acid uses are many in the industrial sector. It is mainly used in the chemical industry as a chemical reagent. Let's read on further to know more about muriatic acid and its uses.
Kids Chemistry Experiments
Chemistry experiments for kids can be fun and can help develop a habit of investigating the chemical properties of various substances. Let us discuss some of the kids chemistry experiments.
Chemistry Experiments for Kids
Kids chemistry experiments are a fantastic way of teaching kids about chemistry through a practical perspective. Keeping that in mind, we have a look at some simple chemistry experiments for kids in the following article.
Retrograde Condensation Mechanism
Retrograde condensation is used to describe the behavior of binary mixture during isothermal compression above the critical temperature of the mixture. This article will try to explain the retrograde condensation mechanism.
Collision Theory and Reaction Rates - Explaining the Factors of Collision Theory
This article is an attempt to introducing the basics and explaining factors of collision theory qualitatively. Collision theory and rates of reaction are related by the fundamental fact that all chemical reactions are a result of collisions between atoms, molecules or ions. In the course of discussion we will explain factors of collision theory like the effect of concentration on rate of reaction and other effects.
How Does the Collision Theory Work
In order to understand how the collision theory works, one needs to grasp the alignment of atoms that takes place during chemical reactions. The factors that have an effect on the collision theory are temperature and particle density.
Chemistry of Acid Rain
Any form of precipitation which is acidic in nature is called acid rain. Acid rain is the result of excessive emissions of sulfur and nitrogen caused by human activity, which reacts with other compounds to form acids. Acid rain has detrimental effects on animals, plants and infrastructure.
Synthetic Elements
Synthetic elements are man-made elements. They do not exist naturally in nature. To find out more about synthetic elements, read on...
How are Crystals Formed
The glittering crystals have been mesmerizing mankind by their beauty and mysterious healing power throughout the ages. They are formed by a process called crystallization. Read on to find more about formation of crystals...
Understanding Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon nanotubes, a carbon allotrope, are the strongest materials known till date. They are widely used in electronic device, microscopes...
John Dalton's Atomic Theory
John Dalton, the father of modern atomic theory, developed the atomic theory in the early nineteenth century. According to him, all elements are made of atoms and the purity of an element is attributed to the presence of similar atoms.
Synthetic Lifeforms: What are the Types?
Synthetic life is a multi-disciplinary field in research devoted to the creation of lifelike structures in fields like computational, biochemical, mechanical, or combinations of the three. Scientists working in the field of artificial life anticipate gaining general insights about self-organizing systems, applying their knowledge in technology development.
The Internet’s Scientific and Technical References
You need to find the sine of a 29 degree angle, or the atomic weight of calcium. What will you do? The internet contains a wealth of tables, charts, formulas, and detailed explanations related to a variety of scientific and technical fields.
Different Branches of Chemistry
Chemistry, a study of the fundamental units of matter, is subdivided into branches that deal with specialized spheres of chemistry. Let us look at the different branches of chemistry.
Types of Chemical Bonds
There are different types of chemical bonding. This article gives an insight into three main types of chemical bonding.
Half Life in Nuclear Chemistry
The half-life of radioactive elements is a part of nuclear chemistry. Half-life occurs naturally in some of the radioactive elements while it could be artificially stimulated in some other elements. This article gives a brief introduction to half-life in nuclear chemistry.
Types of Chemical Reactions
All the chemical reactions involve certain changes in the substances and energy. There are basic six types of chemical reactions. Here is some interesting information about the types of chemical reactions.
Growing Crystals Recipes - How to Make Crystals
Growing crystals are easy and fun recipes. Crystal recipes make great chemistry projects for school children. Read this article to grow crystals at home.
Molecular Manipulation Through Virtual Reality
How would you like to see and feel the intricate structure of complex molecules? High tech models and virtual reality are making this possible.
Ionic Bonding
Ionic bonds are formed between atoms after transfer of electrons. Read this article to find out more about the phenomenon of Ionic Bonding...
Biochemistry Facts
Biochemistry is the study of important biomolecules and the chemical reactions that facilitate the daily physiological activities of the living organisms. Read this article to know some interesting biochemistry facts...
Chemical Weathering
Chemical Weathering is weathering as a result of chemical reactions. Read on to know more...
How does Soap Work
Read on to know more about the chemical details of the soap and how it actually works...
Citric Acid Cycle
Citric Acid Cycle unlocks the energy source of our body. To know more read this article that illustrates the process step by step.
Use of Galvanized Steel
Read on to know more about galvanized steel and its various uses…
Glass: Material from the sands of time
Glass, discovered since 4,500 BC plays an indispensable part in our lives. Right from Cookery, light sources to high-end technologies like computers and cameras, the crucial component is glass. A little insight on the history of glass, and its chemistry involved to make different colors.
Electron emission from solids (II): Applications
Certain solids emit electrons from their surfaces when subjected to heat (thermionic emission), electromagnetic radiation (photoemission) and/or an electric field (field emission). Much of electronics, including vacuum tubes, cathode-ray tubes in their various manifestations, and electron microscopes, depend on the emission of electrons from metals and the manipulation of these electrons to perform various tasks.
Electron emission from solids (I): History & Theory
Certain solids emit electrons from their surfaces when subjected to heat (thermionic emission), electromagnetic radiation (photoemission) and/or an electric field (field emission). Much of electronics, including vacuum tubes, cathode-ray tubes in their various manifestations, and electron microscopes, depend on the emission of electrons from metals and the manipulation of these electrons to perform various tasks.
Crystal symmetries: Base of crystallography
The external form of crystals is governed by their atomic structure, which can be described in terms of geometrical rules called symmetry. The symmetry of a crystal is reflected by its external shapes. A brief history regarding the discovery of crystal structures is presented here.
Know your Dendrimer
Learn about dendrimers and their properties. The flexibility of the dendrimer ensures that it can be put to use in an array of businesses. Dendrimer's complex architecture and its relevance today.
Photoluminescence spectroscopy: New technique for detecting explosives
Although spectroscopy is an old technique, it has been recently applied to the detection of explosives. This technique helps in identifying the explosive element from the molecules released by exposing a high power laser beam on it or in its vicinity. The excited molecules give off photons (light) of the characteristic wavelength of the material when the light source is removed. This technique has been studied and developed by a research team at the University of Florida.
Isomers
There are 3 types of Isomers - Structural, Geometric and Enantiomers. They are a description of the molecular composition of any compound.
Amedeo Avogadro
Although he did not use the word 'atom', Avogadro was one of the first to consider that perhaps particles were composed of molecules and that molecules in their turn were composed of the simpler atoms.
A Primer on Storage Cells
Alkaline Cells, Carbon-Zinc cells, Mercury cells, Zinc-Air cells, Silver Oxide cells, Lead Acid cells, Edison cells, Nicad cells, NiMH and Lithium cells are the most commonly used cells today. A concise look at the fundamentals and principles of devices that "confine" energy into small cells.
The Story of Plastics
Nowadays, Plastics are taken so much for granted that it seems quite inconceivable that there was ever a time when they were not quite such familiar objects of daily life.
Warm Water Vibrates for longer time
Dutch researcher Arjan Lock has investigated the behavior of vibrating water molecules. Using ultra-short laser pulses, he has found that hydrogen atoms in water molecules vibrate for a longer period of time at higher temperatures contrary to the majority of substances in which a vibration lives shorter at higher temperatures.
Lawmakers Question Ethics of EPA Using Chemical Tests on Humans
The EPA is using data from tests that exposed humans to toxic chemicals in order to decide on approving new pesticides.
With NASA resorting to unmanned helium balloons for scientific studies as a part of its Scientific Ballooning Program, it has become obvious that the use of these gas balloons is no more restricted to amusement parks. In order to understand how helium balloons are used for scientific research, it is important to understand how they work.
Properties of Silicon Dioxide
Silicon dioxide or silica, as it is commonly known as, is an important constituent of sand. However, it is found in several other forms too. In this article, we shall look into the physical and chemical properties of silicon dioxide, and learn a little about its molecular structure. Read on...
Difference Between Organic and Inorganic Chemistry
One of the two most vast branches of chemical science are organic and inorganic chemistry. In this article, I explain the difference between organic and inorganic chemistry for those of you who are planning to take up higher studies in chemistry.
Advantages of Chemical Energy
Chemical energy is the most ubiquitous form of energy available on Earth. This article is aimed at presenting the advantages of chemical energy which make it the most used power source all over the world.
Extraction of Trimyristin from Nutmeg
Weighed down by the sudden spurt in practical sessions at college? Well, here's a bit of help in the form of an easy-to-understand tutorial on extraction of trimyristin from nutmeg. Read ahead and get set to ace chemistry practicals this semester!
Facts about Chemical Energy
We use chemical energy in many different ways in our every day life. In this article, we have shared with you various interesting facts about chemical energy. Read on to know more...
Silicon Dioxide Uses
There are a lot of silicon dioxide uses that we may not be aware of. Right from everyday applications, to heavy duty industrial ones, this silicon form has many uses, some of which have been touched upon in this article.
How is Polarity of a Molecule Determined
If you are curious about how is polarity of a molecule determined, this article will be an insightful read. Here I provide you with guidelines on how to systematically go about determining whether a molecule is polar or non-polar.
Acid-Base Reactions
We can get many common examples of acid base reactions in our daily life. NaCl or table salt is one of them. Find out more about acid base reactions and their examples in this article. Keep reading.
Back Titration
Up for a short chemistry tutorial on back titration? Go through this article to know its exact definition, its entailing examples and some more relative information under this topic.
Weak Acids
What are weak acids? What are the examples of weak acids? If you seek an answer to these questions, this article will be an insightful read.
Oxidizing Agent
What does something like an oxidizing agent state in the world of science and chemistry? Has it got anything to do with oxygenation reagents and processes alike? Let's find out the definition, its examples and its reacting properties in this article below.
Weak Bases
Bases are chemical substances that donate an electron pair or accept an Hydrogen ion in a chemical reaction. Weak bases are not completely able to do so. The concept of weak bases has been discussed further in the following paragraphs.
Common Chemical Reactions
Understanding some of the most common chemical reactions in chemistry is essential for students to gain mastery of the deeper concepts in this form of physical science. In this article, we'll introduce you to some of the most common chemical reactions of everyday use...
What is Copper Sulfate
An important chemical compound which finds applications in a variety of fields, copper sulfate is synthesized by the method of electrolysis. Listed below are the properties and uses of this compound...
Specific Heat Capacity Table
If you are looking for a specific heat capacity table of metals and compounds, this article will be a useful reference. Here, I define what is meant by specific capacity, and present a table denoting measured values of specific heat capacity for metals and certain compounds.
Gravimetric Analysis
This article shares some insights on gravimetric analysis which is essentially the measurement method based on weighing a sample. To know more about it, read on...
Redox Titration
We have had quite a lot of theoretical and practical knowledge in the past regarding titration, redox titration, oxidizing agents and so on, in our chemistry lessons. Continuing on the same context let's see what this articles has to say in depth...
Exothermic Reaction Examples
Are you looking for exothermic reaction examples? Read on to find what is an exothermic reaction and also examples for the same.
What is Stoichiometry
An understanding of what is stoichiometry can help chemistry students deal with variety of mathematical problems in chemistry. Here is some information about the same...
What is Titration
Umm.. landed in the chemistry section to 'really know' what is titration? Looks like it's time to leaf through some chemistry textbooks which you have put behind you for long now! Quickly try to brush up your basic chemistry lessons, because you are gonna need them all below...
Molar Solubility
Molar Solubility is a term we all come across while making solutions in the lab. Read more about molar solubility and its various aspects in this article.
Combustion Reaction
What is a combustion reaction? What is the combustion reaction formula? Read to find all the answers.
Avogadro's Number
What is Avogadro's number? What purpose does it serve? Read to find all the answers. . .
Molar Heat Capacity
What is molar heat capacity? What is the molar heat capacity formula? How is molar heat capacity calculated? Read to find all the answers.
Endothermic Reaction Examples
If you are looking for endothermic reaction examples in everyday life, this article is just what you are looking for. Here I explain what are endothermic reactions and present examples of endothermic reactions.
Combustion Reaction Examples
Get some simple and easy-to-understand combustion reaction examples from this article, and help yourself understand the concept better.
Exothermic Reaction
What is meant by an exothermic reaction? Which are some of the exothermic reaction examples in everyday life? Read to find all the answers. . .
Covalent Bond Examples
If you are looking for some covalent bond examples, this article has just what you are looking for. Here I explain what is meant by a covalent bond and illustrate it with actual examples.
Bond Order
Bond order, in simple words, is the number of bonds formed between the two atoms. This article covers the basic concept, application and calculating bond orders.
Spontaneous Reaction
In the following write-up, we will discuss spontaneous reaction in a bid to make you understand all the intricate details of this concept. Continue reading for more information on spontaneous reaction, aka spontaneous process, along with examples...
Molality Formula
What is molality of a solute? What is the molality formula? If you are looking for an answer to these questions, this article has the answers. Read to know all about the molality calculation formula.
Coordination Number
Coordination number also known as ligancy, is the total number of points of attachment to the central atom. The study of coordination numbers finds its use in coordination chemistry. In this article, we will take a look on coordination number and will also see how to find coordination number for different materials.
Mole Fraction
What is mole fraction? How to calculate mole fraction? If you are looking for an answer to these questions, this article is a must read.
Molarity Equation
What is the molarity equation? How is the molarity equation used to calculate molar concentration? Read on, to find all the answers. . .
Molar Concentration
What is molar concentration? How to find molar concentration? Read on, to find all the answers. . .
Molar Absorptivity
Molar absorptivity is a property of chemical species, that measures the strength with which the chemical species absorb light at a particular wavelength. Read more to know about this property and its use in chemistry and other fields related to it.
Covalent and Ionic Bonds
Chemical compounds are formed by the formation of bonds. Covalent and ionic bonds are examples of this chemical bond, which are like one of the foundation pillars of chemistry. If you want to know more about these, you are in the right place.
Binary Molecular Compounds
Binary molecular compounds are formed by a combination of two non-metallic compounds. The following article will cover information related to the rules for naming binary molecular compounds.
Calculating Formal Charge
If you are looking for guidelines on calculating formal charge of an atom in a molecule, this article has what you are looking for. Here you will find a clear explanation and illustration of how to calculate formal charge of an atom, which is part of a molecule.
Formal Charge
What is formal charge exactly? What is its significance? What is the formal charge formula? Read, to find out all about it. . .
Calculating Theoretical Yield
What is theoretical yield? Go through this article to know about calculating theoretical yield.
Molecular Compounds
A molecular compound is composed of two or more nonmetals. Water is one of the most commonly found molecular compounds, followed by carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and methane. Read on to know more...
Nitric Acid Uses
In the following write-up, we will evaluate some of the most prominent nitric acid uses to highlight the importance of this acid for various industries. Continue reading for some interesting facts about nitric acid - with special emphasis on its uses.
John Dalton's Atomic Model
If you are curious about what is John Dalton's atomic model, this article will be an interesting read. In this article, I present a summary of John Dalton's atomic model theory.
Calculating Molarity
If you are looking for guidelines on calculating molarity of a solution, this article is just what you need to read. Scroll down to get an insight into how to calculate molarity of any given solution.
What are the Branches of Chemistry
If you are curious about what are the branches of chemistry, then this article will be a helpful read. Here you will find information about what are the different branches of chemistry, which will help you choose a major, if you are planning a career as a chemist.
Examples of Chemical Changes in Everyday Life
The examples of chemical changes taking place around shall make you clear what they are actually. Read and find out.
What is Organic Chemistry
What is organic chemistry? What is organic chemistry used for? How organic compounds are classified? To solve your queries about organic chemistry basics, read this article.
Chemical Properties of Matter
What are the physical and chemical properties of matter? Need some explanation on the chemical properties of matter along with relevant examples? To delve more on these chemistry topics, read on...
Theoretical Yield
What is theoretical yield? How is it calculated? Read this article to find out...
Weak Acids and Bases
What are weak acids and bases? Which chemicals are known as weak acids and bases? Read to find them out...
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Kinetic molecular theory has been used to describe the bulk properties of gases and how particles interact with each other. Here is some information about the same.
Physical Properties of Matter
As everyone knows, matter is 'anything that has mass and occupies space'. Now, let's learn more about the physical properties of matter, its existence in various phases, and different matter activities...
Properties of Acids
Stuck with a chemistry project? Find out all about the distinctive properties of acids and how they react in relation to other compounds in this article...
What are Polymers
Do you know that the genetic information carrier of our body which is DNA, is a polymer? But what are polymers? Let's, find out what are polymers, their synthesis, characteristics and uses. Read on...
Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions
What are endothermic and exothermic reactions? This article will give you information about these facets of chemistry and illustrations to demonstrate how we encounter them in our day-to-day life...
Chemistry in Everyday Life
Chemistry in everyday life is present in everything that you do daily at every moment. There are many such examples mentioned in the coming up article, for your information, so take a look!
Solvent Extraction
Solvent extraction is one of the most common and important methods for separation and purification of many elements. If you are looking for some more information on the significance and methods of solvent extraction then, read on...
Condensation Polymerization
Polymerization is of two types, condensation polymerization and addition polymerization. In this article, we are going to discuss condensation type of polymerization. Polyester and nylon are some of the most common examples of this type of polymerization. To get more information, read on...
Homogeneous Mixture Examples
The most common homogeneous mixture examples we come across in our day-to-day life are sugar and cement. Read on to know about the concept of homogeneity in solutions and a few more mixture examples.
Polarity of Water
What is polarity of water? What is the importance of polarity of water molecule? Read to get all the answers...
Metallic Bonding
This article introduces the concept of metallic bonding. It explains various facets of metallic bonding.
Water of Hydration
What is water of hydration or water of crystallization? Read this article to find answers.
Palmitic Acid
Do you want to learn more about the structure, sources and uses of palmitic acid? Read on to learn more...
Balancing Redox Reactions
Balancing redox reactions can be a nightmare for a student trying to pass the chemistry examination. However, the crux here is to get the trick. Once you understand the concept clearly, balancing will not be such a pain in the neck...
Polystyrene Properties
What is polystyrene? What are the properties of polystyrene? What is it used for? Here's an article on polystyrene properties. Read on...
Dehydration Synthesis
Dehydration synthesis refers to the type of reaction, wherein something is formed at the cost of losing water molecule(s) from the reacting substances. Examples of dehydration synthesis reaction are formation of maltose from glucose and protein synthesis from amino acids. Read on to know more about dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.
Chemical Energy: Examples of Chemical Energy
In our daily life, there are innumerable chemical energy examples that are a testimony to the fact that one form of energy can be converted into the other by various means. Here is a discussion about various examples of chemical energy.
Organic Compounds List
Organic compounds are those molecules that are formed from three elements, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The following article on organic compounds list will help you learn some of organic molecules.
Acrylic Acid
Acrylic acid is a valuable industrial product that is used for various important purposes in chemical factories. Here is some information about various features of acrylic acid...
Redox Reactions - Examples
With the help of various redox reactions examples mentioned in this article, students will find it easier to understand the meaning of redox reactions and the chemical processes occurring in them.
Benzene Uses
This article throws light on the extensive field of benzene uses. We have all studied about the hexagonal 6 carbon and hydrogen membered aromatic ring of benzene in school. However, how is benzene used and where is benzene used actually? Do we know we come in contact with more benzene than we actually realize?
Hydrobromic Acid
The properties and used of hydrobromic acid are presented in the following paragraphs. In formation about precautions presented below, should provide enough information about how to deal with emergency situations.
Propylene Glycol Dangers
Propylene glycol is an chemical component that is used in the manufacturing of coolants, antifreeze, etc. Read on to know more about propylene glycol dangers and uses.
Compounds: Examples of Compounds
What are chemical compounds? What are they made up of? What are some examples of compounds? Scroll down for answers to these questions...
Phosphoric Acid Uses
What are phosphoric acid uses? What is phosphoric acid used for? What is phosphoric acid formula? Given below are the answers to all of these questions and more...
Physical Change Examples
What is a physical change? What are the physical change examples for kids that can effectively illustrate this concept? Read to get all the answers.
Cadmium Sulfide
Cadmium sulfide is a compound that has many uses. Given below are details on cadmium sulfide preparation method, properties and toxicity...
Endothermic vs Exothermic
Endothermic and exothermic reactions are fundamentally different. This article makes an endothermic vs exothermic reaction comparison, that explains how both types of reactions occur and differ from each other.
Chemical Reactions in Everyday Life
Some of the observable examples of chemical reactions in everyday life are respiration (aerobic and anaerobic), photosynthesis, rusting and burning. Read on to find out...
Enzymatic Browning
Enzymatic browning is a chemical process that renders food a stale brown color and spoils the quality of the food. Read on to know the details about this chemical reaction.
Chemical Change Examples
There are innumerable chemical change examples that occur around us all the time but we never notice them. Take a look at some daily chemical change examples that are often observed in the surroundings.
Organic Compounds - Examples
Organic compounds examples are found all around us, as they form the basis of many products that we use today. Read on, to learn more about organic compounds, and to see a brief list of organic compounds examples.
Copper Sulfate Uses
What is copper sulfate? What is it used for? Scroll down for information on copper sulfate uses...
Concentration Gradient
Concentration gradient is defined as the variation in the concentration of solute from one region to another in a solution. According to this gradient, molecular diffusion takes place from higher concentration to lower concentration.
Formic Acid - Strong or Weak
What is formic acid found in? What are its properties? Is formic acid strong or weak? This article provides information about the properties of formic acid and deciphers the facts of whether is it a strong or weak acid. Read on to know more.
Chemistry Reference Table
Are you looking for some chemistry reference tables? Then you have come to the right page, since the article given below provides various reference tables useful for performing chemistry experiments and problems.
Water: Boiling Point of Water
The normal boiling point of water is 100 degrees in Celsius and 212 degrees Fahrenheit, when measured at 1 atmosphere or standard sea level pressure. To understand what factors are responsible for altering water boiling point, read on...
Molarity Formula
If you are clueless about what is molarity formula or what does molarity mean, you have landed on the right page. Reading this article will clear out all your doubts about what is molarity formula and how it's used in chemistry applications.
Copper Sulfate Crystals
This article presents some information about copper sulfate crystals and guides readers on how to make copper sulfate crystals. Read on...
Lab Report Format
Are you looking for a lab report format? Here's an article on how to use correct lab report format. Read on...
Electrolytes - What are They
Wondering what electrolytes are? This article will tell you about 'electrolytes - what are they', and what do they do for your body.
Sugar Crystals
The sugar crystals are basically sucrose molecules formed as a result of crystallization. The activity of growing sugar crystals is explained in the article below.
Types of Crystals
Different types of crystals are classified based on their structure, properties and several other aspects. To understand more about crystals types and also, their use in crystal healing, read on..
Water Chemical Properties
This article dwells on water chemical properties. Water is a tasteless, odorless, transparent liquid, that forms the most abundant liquid found on earth. Like any other compound, water also has its own set physical and chemical properties. Let's have a look at the chemical properties of water.
How to Calculate Molarity
It seems you love chemistry and if you want to find how to calculate molarity, you have come to the right place to clear all your doubts.
Why is Water a Polar Molecule
Why is water a polar molecule is a common chemistry question asked by many young students. The unique properties of water make it a polar molecule and the following article will help explain why is water polar.
How to Calculate Theoretical Yield
Theoretical yield is the maximum amount of products that can be created by a given amount of reactants. In this article, we will try to learn more about theoretical yield and how to calculate theoretical yield.
How to Calculate Molar Mass
If you are flummoxed by how to calculate molar mass and are facing conceptual problems about it, this article will help you out. Keep reading to know how to calculate molar mass in simple steps.
How to Make Crystals
Crystals can be easily made by making a chemical solution and then allowing it to cool or evaporate. Here are some instructions on how to make crystals from alum and sugar.
How to Grow Crystals
Growing crystals at home is a fun and easy project that you can carry out with easily available supplies. Here is some information on how to grow crystals from salt and sugar, which you can experiment at home.
Why does Ice Float
Do you want to try a fun buoyancy experiment? If you have been wondering why does ice float on water, the following article will give you all the answers regarding this natural buoyancy phenomenon.
Ionic Compounds Vs Molecular Compounds
Have you ever known that common salt, sugar and water are some of the common ionic and molecular compounds. Read more on ionic compounds vs molecular compounds.
Polypropylene Properties and Uses
Properties of Polypropylene have made it one of those materials which have high demand in all spheres of life. This article will give a brief overview of the polypropylene properties and uses.
Formaldehyde Uses
Formaldehyde is a chemical that is used in manufacturing many industrial products. There are many formaldehyde uses in our day-to-day life. Read on to know about them...
Ribose Vs Deoxyribose
The following article on ribose vs deoxyribose is going to highlight some differences between deoxyribose and ribose. This comparison between 'deoxyribose vs ribose' has been written to be helpful for organic chemistry students.
Laughing Gas Side Effects
Nitrous oxide is popularly known as laughing gas or happy gas. Ironic to the names, it has many side effects. Read on for more information regarding laughing gas side effects.
Potassium Nitrate Uses
Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound made up of potassium, nitrogen and oxygen. This article will introduce you to all the potassium nitrate uses.
Silver Nitrate Uses
Silver nitrate is a very useful chemical compound that has many uses, and is also a highly versatile precursor to most of the other silver compounds. Ancient alchemists named silver, as 'luna', thus making silver nitrate, 'lunar caustic'. To know more about silver nitrate uses read on...
Chemistry Terms - Glossary of Chemistry Terms and Definitions
Chemistry is a branch of science that deals with the study of the behavioral attributes of various substances, their chemical composition, their chemical reactions and so on. Here I have explained each of the chemistry terminology in a simple and comprehensive manner. Go through the chemistry terms to enrich your knowledge on chemistry glossary.
Muriatic Acid Uses
Muriatic acid uses are many in the industrial sector. It is mainly used in the chemical industry as a chemical reagent. Let's read on further to know more about muriatic acid and its uses.
Kids Chemistry Experiments
Chemistry experiments for kids can be fun and can help develop a habit of investigating the chemical properties of various substances. Let us discuss some of the kids chemistry experiments.
Chemistry Experiments for Kids
Kids chemistry experiments are a fantastic way of teaching kids about chemistry through a practical perspective. Keeping that in mind, we have a look at some simple chemistry experiments for kids in the following article.
Retrograde Condensation Mechanism
Retrograde condensation is used to describe the behavior of binary mixture during isothermal compression above the critical temperature of the mixture. This article will try to explain the retrograde condensation mechanism.
Collision Theory and Reaction Rates - Explaining the Factors of Collision Theory
This article is an attempt to introducing the basics and explaining factors of collision theory qualitatively. Collision theory and rates of reaction are related by the fundamental fact that all chemical reactions are a result of collisions between atoms, molecules or ions. In the course of discussion we will explain factors of collision theory like the effect of concentration on rate of reaction and other effects.
How Does the Collision Theory Work
In order to understand how the collision theory works, one needs to grasp the alignment of atoms that takes place during chemical reactions. The factors that have an effect on the collision theory are temperature and particle density.
Chemistry of Acid Rain
Any form of precipitation which is acidic in nature is called acid rain. Acid rain is the result of excessive emissions of sulfur and nitrogen caused by human activity, which reacts with other compounds to form acids. Acid rain has detrimental effects on animals, plants and infrastructure.
Synthetic Elements
Synthetic elements are man-made elements. They do not exist naturally in nature. To find out more about synthetic elements, read on...
How are Crystals Formed
The glittering crystals have been mesmerizing mankind by their beauty and mysterious healing power throughout the ages. They are formed by a process called crystallization. Read on to find more about formation of crystals...
Understanding Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon nanotubes, a carbon allotrope, are the strongest materials known till date. They are widely used in electronic device, microscopes...
John Dalton's Atomic Theory
John Dalton, the father of modern atomic theory, developed the atomic theory in the early nineteenth century. According to him, all elements are made of atoms and the purity of an element is attributed to the presence of similar atoms.
Synthetic Lifeforms: What are the Types?
Synthetic life is a multi-disciplinary field in research devoted to the creation of lifelike structures in fields like computational, biochemical, mechanical, or combinations of the three. Scientists working in the field of artificial life anticipate gaining general insights about self-organizing systems, applying their knowledge in technology development.
The Internet’s Scientific and Technical References
You need to find the sine of a 29 degree angle, or the atomic weight of calcium. What will you do? The internet contains a wealth of tables, charts, formulas, and detailed explanations related to a variety of scientific and technical fields.
Different Branches of Chemistry
Chemistry, a study of the fundamental units of matter, is subdivided into branches that deal with specialized spheres of chemistry. Let us look at the different branches of chemistry.
Types of Chemical Bonds
There are different types of chemical bonding. This article gives an insight into three main types of chemical bonding.
Half Life in Nuclear Chemistry
The half-life of radioactive elements is a part of nuclear chemistry. Half-life occurs naturally in some of the radioactive elements while it could be artificially stimulated in some other elements. This article gives a brief introduction to half-life in nuclear chemistry.
Types of Chemical Reactions
All the chemical reactions involve certain changes in the substances and energy. There are basic six types of chemical reactions. Here is some interesting information about the types of chemical reactions.
Growing Crystals Recipes - How to Make Crystals
Growing crystals are easy and fun recipes. Crystal recipes make great chemistry projects for school children. Read this article to grow crystals at home.
Molecular Manipulation Through Virtual Reality
How would you like to see and feel the intricate structure of complex molecules? High tech models and virtual reality are making this possible.
Ionic Bonding
Ionic bonds are formed between atoms after transfer of electrons. Read this article to find out more about the phenomenon of Ionic Bonding...
Biochemistry Facts
Biochemistry is the study of important biomolecules and the chemical reactions that facilitate the daily physiological activities of the living organisms. Read this article to know some interesting biochemistry facts...
Chemical Weathering
Chemical Weathering is weathering as a result of chemical reactions. Read on to know more...
How does Soap Work
Read on to know more about the chemical details of the soap and how it actually works...
Citric Acid Cycle
Citric Acid Cycle unlocks the energy source of our body. To know more read this article that illustrates the process step by step.
Use of Galvanized Steel
Read on to know more about galvanized steel and its various uses…
Glass: Material from the sands of time
Glass, discovered since 4,500 BC plays an indispensable part in our lives. Right from Cookery, light sources to high-end technologies like computers and cameras, the crucial component is glass. A little insight on the history of glass, and its chemistry involved to make different colors.
Electron emission from solids (II): Applications
Certain solids emit electrons from their surfaces when subjected to heat (thermionic emission), electromagnetic radiation (photoemission) and/or an electric field (field emission). Much of electronics, including vacuum tubes, cathode-ray tubes in their various manifestations, and electron microscopes, depend on the emission of electrons from metals and the manipulation of these electrons to perform various tasks.
Electron emission from solids (I): History & Theory
Certain solids emit electrons from their surfaces when subjected to heat (thermionic emission), electromagnetic radiation (photoemission) and/or an electric field (field emission). Much of electronics, including vacuum tubes, cathode-ray tubes in their various manifestations, and electron microscopes, depend on the emission of electrons from metals and the manipulation of these electrons to perform various tasks.
Crystal symmetries: Base of crystallography
The external form of crystals is governed by their atomic structure, which can be described in terms of geometrical rules called symmetry. The symmetry of a crystal is reflected by its external shapes. A brief history regarding the discovery of crystal structures is presented here.
Know your Dendrimer
Learn about dendrimers and their properties. The flexibility of the dendrimer ensures that it can be put to use in an array of businesses. Dendrimer's complex architecture and its relevance today.
Photoluminescence spectroscopy: New technique for detecting explosives
Although spectroscopy is an old technique, it has been recently applied to the detection of explosives. This technique helps in identifying the explosive element from the molecules released by exposing a high power laser beam on it or in its vicinity. The excited molecules give off photons (light) of the characteristic wavelength of the material when the light source is removed. This technique has been studied and developed by a research team at the University of Florida.
Isomers
There are 3 types of Isomers - Structural, Geometric and Enantiomers. They are a description of the molecular composition of any compound.
Amedeo Avogadro
Although he did not use the word 'atom', Avogadro was one of the first to consider that perhaps particles were composed of molecules and that molecules in their turn were composed of the simpler atoms.
A Primer on Storage Cells
Alkaline Cells, Carbon-Zinc cells, Mercury cells, Zinc-Air cells, Silver Oxide cells, Lead Acid cells, Edison cells, Nicad cells, NiMH and Lithium cells are the most commonly used cells today. A concise look at the fundamentals and principles of devices that "confine" energy into small cells.
The Story of Plastics
Nowadays, Plastics are taken so much for granted that it seems quite inconceivable that there was ever a time when they were not quite such familiar objects of daily life.
Warm Water Vibrates for longer time
Dutch researcher Arjan Lock has investigated the behavior of vibrating water molecules. Using ultra-short laser pulses, he has found that hydrogen atoms in water molecules vibrate for a longer period of time at higher temperatures contrary to the majority of substances in which a vibration lives shorter at higher temperatures.
Lawmakers Question Ethics of EPA Using Chemical Tests on Humans
The EPA is using data from tests that exposed humans to toxic chemicals in order to decide on approving new pesticides.