Canine Cushing's Disease

Like in other highly developed animals, the endocrine system of a dog plays a major role in the overall health of the canine. The pituitary gland (located at the base of the brain) produces adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH); whereas, the adrenal glands (located on top of the kidney) are responsible for secreting cortisol hormone in the blood. These hormones are secreted in response to each other. For example; if the blood cortisol level is low, there is more ACTH secretion and the adrenal glands will respond by secreting cortisol. Thus, the balance of these two hormones is maintained in a healthy dog.

Cushing's disease, also known as hyperadrenocorticism, is a serious dog illness, especially in older canines. Since, this condition is related to over secretion of hormone, it is referred to as endocrinopathy or hormone disease. Here is brief information about canine Cushing's disease.

Canine Cushing's Disease: Causes and Symptoms

Cushing's disease is caused due to the presence of tumor in the pituitary or adrenal gland. Based on the cause, Cushing's disease is classified into two viz. pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism and adrenal-based hyperadrenocorticism. In the former case, tumor is present in the pituitary gland causing excess ACTH secretion; whereas, in the latter case, tumor is located in the adrenal glands, resulting in excess cortisol.

More than 80 percent cases of Cushing's disease is pituitary dependent, in which a microscopic tumor is located in the pituitary gland. In such a condition, the adrenal glands of the affected dog is enlarged than the normal size. Whatever is the cause of this condition, the affected canine body can no longer balance the metabolism, resulting in various symptoms and health complications.

Symptoms of Cushing's disease are many and vague. Hence, this condition is often confused with other dog's health problems. Following are some of the common signs and symptoms associated with canine Cushing's disease:

• Polydipsia (increased water consumption)
• Polyphagia (increased hunger)
• Polyuria (increased urination)
• Pot-bellied appearance
• Weight gain and/or weight loss
• Lethargy and reluctance to exercise
• Weakness of hind legs
• Increased susceptibility to infections
• Increased panting
• Thinning of hair
• Dull coat color
• Weakened immune system
• Slow healing of wounds

In severe conditions, the dog may suffer from pancreatitis and seizures. These symptoms may be observed suddenly or progressively. In case, a dog drinks an excessive amount of water (4-10 times than the daily intake), then the pet owner should consider taking the pet dog to a veterinarian.

Canine Cushing's Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment

Canine Cushing's disease is diagnosed based on the symptoms, physical examination and medical history of the dog, and after conducting a series of tests. The veterinarian may conduct a blood test to check the presence of excess liver enzymes and glucose, and urine test for protein content. For confirmation of Cushing's disease, imaging tests like CT (Computed Tomography) scan and ultrasound may be conducted.

Treatment of canine Cushing's disease depends upon the overall health of the dog and the severity of the condition. The main objective behind treatment is to enhance the comfort level and/or life quality of the affected canine; not to increase the lifespan. In case of tumor in the adrenal glands, surgical removal is often recommended. However, removal of tumor in the pituitary gland is complicated and surgery is normally not performed. Other treatment methods may include chemotherapy, hormone treatment and other medications. In older pets, treatment is usually complicated.

Many pet owners confuse Cushing's disease with the dog's aging process. It is common that dogs affected with this condition develop canine diabetes concurrently. It is to be noted that pet dogs older than 6 years are more susceptible to Cushing's disease. Thus, if owners of older dogs see any of the symptoms or a change in the dog's behavior, he/she should consult and seek advice from a qualified veterinarian right away. Early diagnosis and treatment with proper dog care will prolong the lifespan of the pet.