Amnesty Int’l Report 2009 on Mali

The destruction of the cultural and spiritual values of the indigenous nations of Mali, and the demolition of the traditional socioeconomic infrastructure are the main reasons for today’s Mali’s troubles. The aforementioned, calamitous for the indigenous cultures, developments are all due to French colonialism that slightly exceeds one century.

The Amnesty International Report 2009 on Mali reveals only some aspects of the disastrous French impact; the colonial plan of forcing different nations to live within the same state means automatically prevalence of one ethno-religious group over the others. This is the way tyranny and underdevelopment lead the local elites first, to engagement in conflict and second, to absolute dependence on the colonial powers. Then, starts the perfidious practice of false promises, flatters and extravagant dreams that can drive entire nations to extinction, while the local resources are all exploited by the Frankish gangsters who rule in Paris. This is the origin of the wealth of the Western colonial powers.

The immorality of the endeavour and the overwhelming scope of the practice predestine the colonial powers to a horrendous and inevitable end.

I herewith republish the Amnesty International Report 2009 on Mali integrally.

Amnesty International Report 2009 – Mali
http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/africa/mali

Portrait

Head of state: Amadou Toumani Touré
Head of government: Modibo Sidibé
Death penalty: abolitionist in practice
Population: 12.7 million
Life expectancy: 53.1 years
Under-5 mortality (m/f): 206/189 per 1,000
Adult literacy: 24 per cent

Amnesty International Report 2009 – Mali

At least 10 people were killed when conflict intensified in the north of the country. One person died when the security forces used excessive force against demonstrators protesting over water privatization plans. Two Mauritanian detainees said they were tortured in detention. Lawmakers postponed a bill to abolish the death penalty.

Background

Peaceful marches were organized against rising prices for basic commodities and against plans to privatize the supply of water in the north-west of the country.
At least 250 migrants arrested in Spain were sent back to Bamako, the capital, during 2008. More than 100 migrants arrested and held for months in Libya were also sent back to Mali. Some of them complained that they had been beaten by Spanish and Libyan security forces.

The conflict in the north-western region of Kidal intensified, particularly in March and April.

Excerpt:
"...the security forces used excessive force against people protesting over plans to privatize water..."

Excessive use of force

In November, the security forces used excessive force against people protesting over plans to privatize water in Léré, in the north-west of the country. At least six people were wounded, one of whom, Kassim Sidibé, later died.

Armed conflict – Kidal region

Continuing conflict between a Tuareg armed group led by Ibrahim Ag Bahanga and the army resulted in at least five civilian deaths, some in landmine explosions, and casualties among Tuareg civilians crossing into Burkina Faso.

Two Austrian tourists taken hostage in Tunisia by a group close to al-Qa’ida in the Maghreb were transferred to Mali in March and released in October.

In September, an armed self-defence group, "Ganda Izo", led by a former soldier, was allegedly responsible for killing four Tuaregs. The group’s leader and at least 30 of its members were later arrested.

Torture and other ill-treatment

During a mission to Mauritania, Amnesty International delegates met two Mauritanian citizens, who were arrested in Mali in late November 2007 and accused of being members of al-Qa’ida in the Maghreb. They were transferred to Mauritania in February 2008 where they remained in detention. The two men told Amnesty International that they had been tortured in a secret detention centre in Bamako. Methods used included kicking, beating, electric shocks, suspension by the arms and sleep deprivation.

Death penalty

The draft bill to abolish the death penalty was not examined at the parliamentary session which ended in July. The members of parliament postponed the reading and adoption of the bill to a later session. In May, when Mali was examined under the Universal Periodic Review at the UN, a Malian representative stated that his country was committed to abolition and that the abolition bill would be adopted before 2012.

At least 15 people were sentenced to death.

In Segou, in July, an assize court sentenced Broulaye Bagayogo to death for attempted murder and sentenced Najim Lakhal Aly to death for conspiracy, kidnapping, robbery and illegal possession of weapons.

No executions were carried out.

Note
Picture: AI Mali action on World Day Against the Death Penalty 2008