Accelerated Hypertension

Accelerated hypertension is an hypertension emergency wherein there is an unexpected and rapid increase of blood pressure to extremely high and severe levels. The levels can reach as high as ≥180 mmHg systolic and ≥110 mmHg diastolic. Hence, the condition can be so intense that it may cause damage to any of the vital organs in the body, like brain, heart, kidneys, blood vessels, and eyes. The condition is more commonly seen in men than women, especially in patients who are already suffering from high blood pressure and are more than 40 years of age. This condition needs immediate medical attention and if left untreated, it can even cause the patient's death.

Causes
People at risk of having accelerated hypertension mainly include those who have been suffering from chronic blood pressure problems or hypertension, kidney disease or preeclampsia. Apart from these, people having renal hypertension or renal failure due to renal artery stenosis are also at a high risk of acquiring this health disorder. Illicit drug use, including drugs like cocaine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and oral contraceptives, alcohol withdrawal or even sudden discontinuation of the use of specific medications, like beta-blockers or alpha-stimulants, hyperthyroidism, and pregnancy complications are some other conditions that may contribute to accelerated hypertension in many people.

Symptoms
Symptoms are basically the outcome of an extremely high pressure or force on the inner walls of the arteries, along with the subsequent organ damage as blood is pumped throughout the body. The initial symptoms usually include shortness of breath and chest pain, followed by numbness in the legs, arms, and face. Blurred vision, mental confusion, restlessness, fatigue, vomiting, nausea, headache, etc. are some other signs which can be seen in a person suffering from accelerated hypertension. Moreover, if the patient does not receive immediate medical attention, he/she can also have a seizure and may even enter coma. Also if the blood pressure is not controlled in time, it can result in permanent damage of the heart, brain, lungs, kidneys, and other vital organs in the body.

Treatment
The prime purpose of the treatment is to stabilize elevated blood pressure. Hence upon admittance into the emergency room, a doctor will provide an intravenous drug called vasodilator which relaxes the stiff or tightened blood vessels and enables regular blood flow throughout the body. After this, a team of specialists will conduct a number of diagnostic tests like blood tests, x-rays, etc. in order to diagnose the underlying cause of this health ailment. They may also use a electrocardiograph to monitor the electrical activity in the heart in order to insure that the organ is functioning properly. The doctor may also prescribe some oral medications and in case of any structural defect or blockages, a surgery may be performed. The patient's condition will be constantly monitored and so he/she may have to stay in the hospital for several hours or a couple of days, until the blood pressure is back to normal level.

The cure mainly begins with prevention. Avoiding smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol excessively, staying away from foods that are high in cholesterol and fats, exercising regularly, and taking prescribed medications properly are some essential preventive measures that can surely reduce the risks of having accelerated hypertension. Always remember that accelerated hypertension is a severe health disorder which should not be ignored or taken lightly, and seek immediate medical attention and care.